Chapter 8 Vocab
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 photosynthesis | 6CO2+6H2O+Light=C6H12O6+6O2 |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| ATP | adenosine triphospate |
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions taking place in the cell |
| cellular respiration | catabolic pathway that converts glucose into ATP |
| photoautotroph | converts sunlight into glucose |
| chloroplasts | double membrane organelle that captures light energy |
| glycolysis | first stage of cell respiration (anaerobic) |
| pigments | light absorbing colored molecules found in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts |
| chlorophyll | major light absorbing pigment in plants |
| entropy | measure of energy lost as heat, disorder in a system |
| catabolic | metabolic pathways that RELEASE energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules |
| anabolic | metabolic pathways that USE energy released by catabolic pathways to build larger molecules from smaller molecules |
| heterotroph | must eat food to get energy |
| light dependent reaction | reactions that require light |
| catalyst | reduces activation energy, allows rection to happen |
| krebs cycle | stage 2 of cell respiration, pyruvate converted to high energy electrons and hydrogen ions |
| calvin cycle | stage 2 of photosynthesis-light independent |
| law 1 | states that energy can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed |
| law 2 | states that energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy |
| thermodynamics | study of the flow of energy |
| energy | the ability to do work |
| alcohol fermentation | type of anaerobic respiration used by yeasts and some bacteria |
| aerobic | with oxygen |
| anaerobic | without oxygen |
| di- | 2 |
| tri- | 3 |
| chemo- | chemical |
| cat- | break down |
| thermo- | heat |
| photo- | light |
| hetero- | other |
| auto- | self |
| glykys- | sweet |
| ana- | build up |
| complete dominance | represented by a capital letter for dominant and recessive is lower case, the dominant trait will be expressed in the phenotype of the offspring |
| co-dominance | represented by 2 capital letters to show equal dominance, both parents' phenotypes are represented in their offspring |
| intermediate inheritance | represented by 2 capital letters to show equal dominance, neither parents' phenotypes are represented in their offspring |
| epistasis | interaction between alleles in which one allele hides the effects of another allele |
| nondisjunction | cell division in which the sister chromatids do not separate correctly, resulting in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes |
| mutiple alleles | having more than two alleles for a specific trait (blood type) |
| polygenic traits | characteristics, such as eye color or skin color, that results from the interaction of multiple gene pairs |
| karyotype | micrograph in which the pairs of homologous chromosomes are arranged in decreasing size |
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