| Term | Definition |
|---|
| stretch | will help to increase ROM and mobility around the joint or series of joints |
| stretch | elongation of the soft tissue that passes the joint |
| mobility | ability to moved |
| flexibility | move trhough unrestricted pain free of ROM |
| hypomobility | restricted motion caused by adaptives shortening (contractures) |
| hypo | under or less |
| adaptive shortening | keep the muscle of short position for a long time, and muscle gets short due to that |
| factor that contribute to adaptive shortening | prolonged immobilization, sedentary liifestyle (sitting on coach and watch tv),poor muscle or muscle inbalances,weakness associated with musculoskeletal disoders, inflamation and pain, congenital or acquared deformities |
| contracture | adaptive shortening that results in resistance to strech,limitation in ROM,&decreased functional ability |
| contracture | is designed named by action of the shortned mudcle |
| types of contractures | myostatic pseudomyostatic, arthrogenetic,periarticular,fibrotic,irreversible |
| myostatic | shorthness the of the muscle, no pathology in muscle |
| myostatic | muscle not moving ( which muscle tendon is short and becomes thigh |
| pseudomyostatic | results from muscle spasm |
| pseudomyostatic | knee surgery is not a contrature but it looks like) apparent contracture, spasticity,muscle guarding |
| in spasticity | bbuild in the area that does not move. |
| arthrogenic/periarticular | intra-articular pathology (sometimes to do with joint ..synovial membrane) |
| fibrotic | fiberous changes in soft tissue..scar |
| irreversible | permanent loss of mobility, requires surgical intervention (cut muscle and reatach) |
| indications for stretching | limited ROM, restricted motion may= structrural deformity, part of the total fifness program,prior to exercise to minimize muscle soreness |
| contraindications/precautions | bony block limits motion,recent tx,acuate inflammtion, sharp or acute pain,hematoma,hypermobility,contracture is providing stability,contracture is basis for funtional ability,do not force beyond normal ROM,caution with osteoporosis, tissue that has been immobilized for long periods-weak,progress gradually |
| bony block (contra/precaution) | bone that is fracture |
| recent tx | unheal, unestable |
| acute inflammation | stretching |
| hematoma | bruise,colletion of blood |
| provide mobility | when a contracture is present dont strech just use mobility |
| osteoporosis | can fracture bone |
| strech reflex | muscle spindle and golgi tendon organ |
| muscle spindle | reports velocity, and changes in length of the muscle to brain FACILITATES REFLEXIVE CONTRACTION |
| golgi tendon organ | sesnses changes in tension at muscle/tendon juction INHIBITS MOTOR NEURON ACTIVITY |
| toe region | collagen fibers at rest area are wavy, the straightening and aligning the fibers |
| elastic range | when tissue is taken to rom and gentle stretch is applied, with stress in this phase the collagen fibers line fibers |
| elastic limit | the point beyond wich the tissue does not returns to its original shape and size is the slastic limit |
| plasty range | the range beyond the elastic limit extending to the point of rupture is the plasty range..has permanent deformation when the stress is released |
| x & y | the most permanent strech of muscle |
| elements of stretching program | aligment, stabilization, intensity,duration,speed,frecuency,mode, |
| alignment | positioning of the body ( or segment) to ensure strech is applied to appropriate muscle group (consider alingment of trunk and mearby joints |
| stabilizing ...elements of stretching | fixing one of the end of the segment..usuallly proximal segment (distal segment if selt stretching), manual contacts, body weight,table or bench |
| alingment | a reason that may not stretch correct |
| intensity | how much force is used (LOW LOAD= OPTIMAL LENGTHENING |
| duration | amount of time the stretch force is applied (LONG AND SHORT) |
| long (duration of element of stretching) | static or prolonged (STRETCHING MUSCLE AND MAINTAION CERTAIN TIME ..30 SEC) |
| long (duration of element of stretching) | stitic or progressive (HOLD FOR 30 SEC AND STRETCH MORE AND MORE ) |
| short (duration of element of stretching) | cyclic: slow,repeated,low intensity (MORE LIKE ROM) |
| short (duration of element of stretching) | ballistic :rapid,forceful, higher intensity (can tear muscle) |
| speed (elements of stretching program) | should be slow (SLOW TO AVOID FIRE THE GOLGI TENDON) force should be applied gradually |
| frecuency(elements of stretching program) | number of seccion p/day and p/week, based on cause of limitation,avg 2-5 sessions per week |
| mode (elements of stretching program) | manual and selft |
| manual mode (elements of stretching program) | passive, assissted by pt (PT BECOMES PASSIVE) |
| self,mode (elements of stretching program) | mechanical and neuromuscular inhibition ( patient performs independent) MECHANICAL ===deviceto help themselves NEUROMUSCULAR INHIBITION ====Different types of exercises use a particular technique |
| neuromuscular inhibition | hold relax (HR), contract relax (CR) agonist contract (AC) ,hold relax-agonist contract (Hr-ac) |
| hold relax (HR)....going up | 1-the tigh muscle (ANTAGONIST) is lengthened, 2- isometrically contracts (HOLD FOR 5 SEC) 3- follow by period of relaxion and passive elongation (STRETCH) 4- applied by therapist |
| contract relax (CR) .......going down | 1=the tigh muscle (ANTAGONIST) is lengthed, 2-concentrically contracts through the ROM, 3==followby period of relaxation and passive elongation (STRECH) applied by therapist |
| agonist contract (AC) | 1-- shorterned muscle(ANTAGONIST) is strech via a concentric contraction of the opposite muscle (AGONIST) |
| hold relax - agonist contract (HR-AC) | HR tech followed by a period of relaxation and then the AC tech |
| PNF | stretching ) sames as (HR) |
| adjunct to stretching | heating,massage,biofeeback,joint distrection or oscillation |
| heating | tissue yields more easily with less pain amd exhibits more elasticity |
| hypomobility | what can lead to functional limitation and disability in a person life? |
| flexibility | is the abilty to move a single joint or series of joints smoothly and easily through an unrestricted pain -free ROM |
| sarcomeres | gives the muscle its ability to contract and relax |
| connective tissue | when a muscle stretched and elongates , the stretch force is transmitted to muscle fiber via ? |
| pseudomyostatic | associate with central nervous system lesion such as cerebral vascular accident, a spinal or traumatic brain injury |
| pseudomyostatic | muscle appear to be in constant state of contraction, giving rise to excesive resistace to passive strecth |
| muscle guarding | the involve muscle appears to be in a constant state of contraction |
| artrogenetic/periarticular | joint effusion ,irregulaties in articular cartilage or ostephyte formation |
| arthogenetic/periarticular | develops when connective tissue that passes the joint or joint capsule lose mobility ,restricting stretching |
| limited rom | is limited because soft tissue have lost their extensibility as a result of adhesions, contractures and scar, causing fuctional limitation |
| part or total fifness | to prevent muscolosketal injuries |
| acute immflamation | soft tissue healing could be disrupted in the tight tissue and sorrounding region |
| golgi tendon organ | what links the muscle and tendon? |
| slow (speed stretching) | to ensure optimal muscle relaxation asn prevent injury to tissues |
| mode of stretch | wheather the patient is actively participating in the stretching |
| self stretching | refers flexibility exercises or active stretching |
| mechanical | cuff weight or weight pulley system |
| PNF stretching | refers to active stretching or facilitative stretching |
| types of PNF strectching | HR, AC,HR W/AC |
| necking | is reached in wich there considerable weakening of the tissue and rapidly fails |
| failure | rupture of the integrity of the tissue is called ? |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace