Biology-Bacteria and Viruses
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cyanobacteria | The organism responsible for producing oxygen that gave rise to aerobic organisms |
| 3.5 billion years ago | Life began about |
| 1.5 billion years ago | Eukaryotic organisms evolved approximately |
| obligate aerobes | Prokaryotes that require oxygen to live |
| facultative aerobes | Prokaryotes that can survive with or without oxygen |
| pili | Small projections that allow bacteria to "reach out and connect" to one another |
| cocci | spherical shaped bacteria |
| bacilli | rod-shaped bacteria |
| pepdidoglycan | the polymer made of sugars and amino acids found in the cell wall of bacteria. |
| gram- | bacteria that stains pink during the gram staining process, meaning it has a thin pepdidoglycan layer |
| gram+ | bacteria that stains purple during the gram staining process, meaning it has a thick pepdidoglycan layer |
| binary fission | the way most bacteria reproduce |
| endospore | an outer shell formed bacteria in order to survive harsh conditions |
| conjugation | when bacteria take up new DNA by connecting to other bacteria |
| transduction | When a virus changes bacterial DNA |
| antibiotic resistant | When the DNA of bacteria is changed and it can no longer be destroyed through "normal means" |
| nitrogen fixation | Bacteria can absorb nitrogen gas from the atmosphere and it change it into a form that can be absorbed by plants |
| pseudomonas | the type of bacteria that can be used to clean up oil spills |
| bioremediation | the process of using bacteria to remove pollutants from the environment |
| capsid and DNA | two major parts of the virus |
| bacteriophages | viruses that attack bacteria |
| endocytosis | how viruses enter eukaryotic cells |
| Lysogenic Cycle | when the virus infects a host cell, inserts its DNA into the host cell's DNA, and replicates its DNA when its cell divides |
| Lyctic Cycle | when the virus infects a host cell, makes the host cell replicate the viral DNA several times, and then cause the host cell to burst ad release more viruses |
| obligate anaerobes | prokaryotes poisoned by oxygen |
| thermophiles | archaea that lives in hot environments |
| halophiles | archaea that lives in cold environments |
| Spirochetes | spiral shaped bacteria |
| thiobacillus | bacteria that is used to clean up old mining sites |
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