LifeSpan Test 3
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Created by:
brantlyduncan on April 30, 2012
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101 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 population aging | refers to the worldwide phenomenon of increasing population age and slowing of population growth |
| Increased Life Expectancies | medical technology, especially in regards to the reduction of chronic diseases and better nutrition |
| ageism | prejudice and discrimination directed at older people |
| early adulthood | peak of physical capability, physical growth is complete, people are generally healthy, vigorous and energetic |
| Senescence primary aging | aging that involves universal and irreversible changes that are due to genetic programming, occur as people get older -hardly noticeable -begins slowly and accelerates in later adulthood |
| Secondary aging | physical declines often associated with age but are mostlly the result of environmental exposure often by lifestyle choices |
| inevitable aging changes | universal changes that are likely genetically or biologically determined ex: baldness, wrinkles, gray hair |
| usual aging changes | those we often see as people grow older, but may not be inevitable ex: increased blood pressure, weight gain |
| presbyopia | nearly universal decline in near vision experienced around the age of 40 |
| presbycusis | loss of ability to hear sounds of high frequency |
| cataracts | cloudy or opaque areas on lens of eye that interferes with passing of light |
| glaucoma | when pressure in the fluid of the eye increases |
| age related muscular degeneration | most common cause of blindness in people over age 60 |
| hypertension | high blood pressure, one of most common health problems in elder |
| female climacteric | the period that marks the transition from being able to bear children to being unable to do so |
| menopause | the cessation of menstruation |
| hormone therapy | estrogen and progesterone are administered to alleviate the worst of the symptoms experienced in menopausal women |
| male climacteric | the period of physical psychological change relating to the male reproductive system that occurs during late middle ages |
| disability | a condition that substantially limits a major life activity |
| stress | the physical and emotional response to events that threaten or challenge us |
| Acquisitive stage | childhood and adolescence main development task is to acquire information |
| achieving stage | young adulthood intelligence and information is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long term goals regarding careers, family, and societal contributions |
| responsible stage | middle adulthood major concerns are focused on personal situations regarding families and careers |
| executive stage | middle adulthood concerns broaden to include concerns about important institutions and policies |
| reintegrative stage | late adulthood focus is on personal meaning of life |
| componential | analyses of data to solve problems using previously learned information. Traditional IQ |
| contextual | practical intelligence that is used to solve real world problems.Street smarts |
| experiential | using prior experiences to solve problems and cope with new problems |
| crystallized intelligence | accumulation of info, skills, strategies that people have learned through experience and can apply in problem solving situations |
| fluid intelligence | information processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory |
| practical intelligence | intelligence that is learned primarily by observing others and modeling their behaivor |
| emotional intelligence | the set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions |
| creativity | the combination of responses or ideas in novel ways |
| selective optimization | people concentrate their efforts on particular skill areas to compensate for losses in other areas |
| expertise | the acquisition of skill or knowledge in a particular area of focus |
| dementia | a broad category of serious memory loss accompanied by declines in mental functioning |
| alzheimers | a progressive brain disease that produces dementia |
| plasticity | the degree to which a developing structure or behaivor is susceptible to experience |
| episodic memory | relates to specific life experiences |
| semantic memories | general knowledge and facts |
| implicit memories | memories about which people are not consciously aware of |
| autobiographical memory | memories of info about ones life |
| pollyanna principle | pleasant memories are more likely to be recalled than unpleasant ones |
| acute stressors | sudden, short, one time. improve human performance in the short term |
| chronic stressors | long term, long lasting. negatively impact health |
| psychomeuroimmunology | the study of the relationship among the brain, immune system, and psychological factors |
| cortisol | primary stress hormone, increases heart rate, oxygen intake, metabolism |
| catecholamines | neurotransmitters, activate the amygdala |
| Neuropeptide S | protein that increases alertness and a sense of anxiety, reduces sleep |
| stress appraisals | assessments of stress made by individuals |
| primary appraisal | the assesment of an event to determine whether its implications are pos, neg, or neutral |
| secondary appraisal | the assessment of whether ones coping abilities and resources are adequate to overcome the harm, threat, or challenge posed by the stressor |
| psychosomatic disorders | medical problems caused by the interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties |
| coping | the effort to control, reduce or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress |
| hardiness | a personality characteristic associated with a low rate of stress related illnesses |
| intimacy | feelings of closeness, affection, and connectedness |
| passion | motivational drives related to romance, sex, and physical closeness |
| commitment | long term determination to maintain love relationship |
| consensual validation | "opposites attract" |
| intimacy v isolation stage | according to erikson, the period of post adolescence into the early 30s that focuses on developing close relationships with others |
| stimulus value role theory | the theory that relationships precede in a fixed order of 3 stages |
| passionate love | a state of powerful absorption in someone |
| companionate love | the strong affection for those w/ whom our lives are deeply involved |
| cohabitation | couples living together w/o being married |
| homogamy | the tendency to marry someone who is similar in age, race, education, religion, and most other demographic characteristics |
| marriage gradient | the tendency for women to marry "up" and men to marry "down" |
| fertility rate | number of births expected to women between ages 15-49 at a given time |
| replacement rate | fertility rate needed to sustain zero population growth = 2.1 |
| social clock | the culturally determined psychological time piece providing a sense of whether we have reached the major benchmarks of life at the appropiate time in comparison to peers |
| sandwich generation | couples who in middle of adulthood must fulfill the needs of both their children and their aging parents |
| disintergrated/disorganized | approach to aging, unable to accept aging they despair. often found in nursing homes or are hospitialized |
| passive/dependent | approach to aging, characterized by fear and overly dependent on others. feel of falling ill, fear of future |
| defended | approach to aging, denying aging, they engage in youthful activitirs - setting up unrealistic expectations |
| integrated | approach to aging, view of successful aging, accept aging and maintain self dignity and identity |
| age stratification theory | suggest that economic resources, power, priveledges are disrupted unequally among people at different stages of the life course. Help explains why aging is viewed more positive in less industrialized societies |
| selective optimization | process by which people concentrate on part. skill areas to compensate losses in other areas. |
| continuity theory | theory suggesting that people need to maintain their desired level of involvement in society in order to maximize sense of well being and self esteem |
| institutionalism | a psychological state in which people in nursing homes develop apathy, indifference and lack of caring about themselves |
| complicated grief | a form of unrelenting mourning that continues sometimes for months and even years. people find it difficult to let go of a loved one |
| life span | the maximum number of years a person can live |
| life expectancy | the number of years a person actually lives |
| telomere shortening | suggest our bodies DNA contains built in time limits for the reproduction of human cells |
| hayflick limit | the number of times a cell can divide before it reaches the critical limit |
| metabolic theory of aging | as our bodies metabolize energy, by products are created that damage cells. over time that damage accumulates so that we age and eventually die |
| free radicals | oxygen molecules that are produced when we digest foods |
| oxidation | the damage that is caused by those oxygen molecules |
| problem focused coping strategy | attempt to manage stressor by directly changing the siuation to make it less stressfull -often considered a positive strategy |
| emotion focused coping strategy | -conscious regulation of emotion -can be pos or neg strategy |
| emotional insulation | attempt to prevent the experience of emotion |
| defensive coping | attempt to distort or deny the nature of the stressor |
| resilience | the ability to withstand and thrive following profound adversity |
| intimacy passion commitment | sternbergs theory of love |
| redefinition of self v preoccupation with work | after retirement people must find a place in the world- a reason for being |
| transcendence v body preoccupation | people must learn to cope with physical age related limitations and find meaning in life |
| ego transcendence v preoccupation | come to terms with dying and find satisfaction in societal contributions |
| honeymoon | former workers engage in a variety of activities that were previously hindered by working full time |
| disenchantment | retirees feel that retirement is not all that they thought it would be, may miss job |
| reorientation | retirees reconsider their options and become engaged in new more fulfilling activities |
| retirement routine | retirees comes to grip with the realities of retirement and feels fulfilled with this new phase of life, not all reach this stage |
| termination | some people terminate retirement by going back to work but mostly occurs due to a major physical deteroration where their health becomes so bad they can no longer function independently |
| telomeres | bits of proteins located on the end of chromosomes |
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