Viruses & Bacteria Study Guide Vocab
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Prokaryote | Unicellular organism having cells lacking membrane-bound nuclei |
| Chemoautotroph | Prokaryote that obtains energy directly from inorganic molecules using chemical reactions |
| Photoheterotroph | Organism that is photosynthetic but needs organic compounds as a carbon source |
| Photoautotroph | Organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbon compounds |
| Chemoheterotroph | An organism that must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon. |
| Obligate aerobe | An organism that requires oxygen to survive |
| Obligate anaerobe | Organism that cannot grow in the presence of oxygen |
| Facultative anaerobe | Organism that can survive with or without oxygen |
| Binary fission | Form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size |
| Conjugation | The act of pairing a male and female for reproductive purposes |
| Endospore | Small asexual spore that develops inside the cell of some bacteria and algae |
| Pathogen | Disease-producing agent (especially a virus or bacterium or other microorganism) |
| Vaccine | Immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies |
| Antibiotic | Chemical substance derivable from a mold or bacterium that kills microorganisms and cures infections |
| Virus | Ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts |
| Capsid | Outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus |
| Retrovirus | Viruses that contain two single-strand linear RNA molecules per virion and reverse transcriptase (RNA to DNA) |
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