State and Local Government Purple sheet
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36 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 NC Constitution | Principles- separation of powers, checks and balances, flexibility, popular sovereignty, limited government; Declaration of Rights- Similar to the Bill of Rights; lists the rights of NC citizens |
| Governor | Chief executive in state governments; elected for 4 years in NC. Limited to 2 terms; Line item veto- Power of the governor to veto specific parts of a bill |
| Lt. Governor | 2nd in command to the governor; elected for 4 year terms |
| General Assembly | State legislature in NC; bicameral legislature with House of Representatives & Senate |
| Council of State | Officials directly elected by the voters to head the eight departments in the NC Executive Branch. |
| Statute | laws written by the state legislative branch |
| Gerrymandering | An oddly shaped district created to increase the voting strength of a particular minority group |
| State Court System | Consists of justice court/magistrate courts, general trial courts, appellate courts, and the NC Supreme Court; Judges are elected to serve |
| Revenue | Money made by the government through taxes, fines, and fees |
| Expenditures | How the money in the government is spend |
| Grant-in-aid | Awards of money to the states to help pay for some of their programs; states must contribute some of their money and follow rules set up by national government; Also known as block grants or intergovernmental revenues |
| Income tax | A tax on people's earnings |
| Sales tax | Tax levied on a product at the time of sale |
| Excise tax | Taxes placed on specific goods, like gasoline & cigarettes; the tax is usually included in the price of the good |
| Property tax | Tax on land and other property (cars, boats, etc) |
| Estate tax | A tax on the total sum of your belongings transferred to another person upon your death |
| Charter | Document that grants power to a local government; Home rule- allows cities to write their own charters, choose their own government and manage their own affairs |
| Types of local government | County, City, Special Districts, Townships, Metropolis; Purpose- to provide services to meet the needs that come from living and working closely together |
| Systems of Local Government - Mayor- Council | Most common form of government; voters elect a mayor and members of city council; City Council- local legislative body consisting of elected officials |
| Systems of Local Government - Council-Manager | An arrangement for local government in which elected legislature hires a professional executive to direct government activities |
| Systems of Local Government - Commission | 5 commissioners selected in citywide election to lead departments. They choose one commissioner to act as mayor. NO SEPARATION OF POWERS |
| Ordinance | City laws |
| Town Meetings | Gatherings of local citizens to discuss and vote on important issues; exercise in direct democracy |
| Board of Education | Elected governing body of a school district; makes decisions regarding local public schools |
| Local law enforcement | Consists of an ELECTED sheriff and the local police force |
| Annexation | The legal process of extending municipal borders and adding territory to a city or town |
| Extra-Territorial Jurisdiction | The area outside city limits over which a city has authority for planning and regulating use |
| Incorporation | Officially organizing a government that provides services to residents |
| Infrastructure | A community's system of roads, bridges, water, and sewers |
| Tuition Voucher | Program providing subsidies for education payments; allows families to send students to private schools |
| Charter School | Schools that receive state funding but are excused for meeting many public school regulations |
| NIMBY | Not In My Backyard- idea which refers to city planning without regards to property value; Property Taxes - tax on land and property |
| ELECTION ISSUES - Bond Issues | When government borrows money and promises to repay the debt |
| ELECTION ISSUES - Referendum | A way for citizens to vote on state & local laws |
| ELECTION ISSUES - Public Policy | The course of action the government takes in response to an issue or problem; Ex. Education, crime, environment, taxes |
| ELECTION ISSUES - Initiative | Procedure by which citizens can propose new laws or state constitutional amendments |
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