*pharm endo
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 short-acting insulins | aspart, lispro; regular |
| long-acting insulins | NPH (2x a day), Glargine (1x a day) |
| basal bolus regime | choose Glargine (or NPH) and then 3x a day short-acting post-meals |
| treatment for gestational diabetes | insulin |
| treatmt for life-threatening hyperkalemia | insulin |
| can you give oral hypoglycemics to a pregnant woman? | no; it will cause hyperinsulinemia & hypoglycemia in the fetus |
| sulfonylureas | glyburide; close K+ membrane ion channel which causes depol and then Ca++ influx, which secretes vesicles containing insulin hormone |
| biguanides | metformin; mechanism unknown; alters intracell enzymes to dcrease gluconeogenesis, increase glycolysis (i.e. increase presence of GLUCOSE); increases glucose uptake in periphery, i.e. insulin sensitivity |
| contraindicated in renal failure | biguanides/metformin |
| hepatotoxicity | thiazolidinediones/rosiglitazone |
| exacerbates heart failure | thiazolidinediones/rosiglitazone |
| hypoglycemia | sulfonylureas |
| GI disturbances; flatulence, abdom pain, rash, bloating | alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (i.e. brush border disaccharidases)/acarbose, miglitol |
| pancreatitis | GLP-1 analog/exenatide |
| bind intracell nuclear Rs (PPAR-gamma, and then modulating transcription such that get more enzymes for glucose and lipid metab) | thiazolidinediones (rosi/pio-glitazone) |
| works via a GPCR | GLP-1 analog (exenatide) |
| affects intracell enzymes | biguanide (metformin) |
| which can't you use in type I DM? | sulfonylureas, because requires islet cell function |
| first line therapy for type II DM | metformin |
| hirsutism is result of | too much DHT production (5 alpha reductase activity) or too much DHT action on the T-Rs on hair follicles |
| antiandrogens to treat hirsutism | 5 alpha reductase inhibitors like finasteride, flutamide (compet inhibitor of T), spironolactone (blocks androgen binding) |
| hirsutism assoc with clitormegaly, acne, increased muscle mass, libido, deep voice | virilization |
| drug cause of amenorrhea | risperidone (atypical antipsychotic) |
| mechanism of risperidone | D2-R antag, therefore blocks tonic dopamine inhibition of lactotrophs in the pituitary; get hyperPRLemia --> inhibits GnRH --> no menses |
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