Intro to Landform Study Chp 13
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55 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 layers of earth | core mantle outer core inner core |
| Crust's depth of ocean and land | 5km below ocean to near 20 km below and |
| Crust's percent of earth's volume and mass? | less then 1 % of volume .4 % of mass |
| Where does Moho discontinuity occur? | Crust |
| Mantle's depth | extends 2900 km |
| Mantle's percent of volume and mass? | 84% of volume 67% mass |
| What is the largest shell? | Mantle |
| Mantle has three sublayers.. | Lithosphere Asthenosphere Lower mantle = rigid rocks |
| Outer Core's depth | extends 5000km |
| Outer Core is made up of | molten |
| Inner Core radius | dense mass of about 1450 km |
| What is inner core primarily made up of? | iron/nickel or iron/silicate |
| Inner core is made of two ? | zones |
| The two zones combined make up? | 15 % of earth's volume 32 % earth's mass |
| Inner core has Magnetic Field controlled by | outer core |
| Magnetic poles are not the same as... | axial poles |
| Minerals are | naturally formed compounds and elements of Earth |
| Characteristics of Minerals | *Solid *found in nature *inorganic *specific chemical composition *contains atoms that arrange in patterns to form crystals |
| Rocks | Aggregates of minerals/ mixture |
| How many minerals make up 95% of composition of crustal rocks? | fewer than 20 |
| Rocks.. | outcrops bedrock regolith petrology characteristic of diff rocks |
| Magma | molten rock beneath the earth's surface |
| Lava | molten rock when it flows onto Earth's surface |
| Igneous Rocks have a | "fiery inception" |
| Igneous have a pyroclatis.. | ... |
| Classification of igneous rocks is based on | mineral composition and texture |
| Texture of igneous rocks is based on how.. | rocks cool |
| Two types of Igneous Rocks | Plutonic ( intrusive) Volcanic ( extrusive) |
| Plutonic Igneous Rock (GRANITE) | *cool's beneath Earth's surface *Surrounding rocks insulate the magma intrusion, which makes the cooling process slow *individual minerals in a plutonic rock can grow large to size |
| plutonic igneous rock is | Granite |
| Volcanic Igneous Rock's form | *on Earth's surface * Cool rapidly * Basalt |
| Volcanic Rock is | BASALT |
| How are Sedimentary Rocks formed? | cementing agents like silica, calcium carbonate, and iron oxide, precipitate from the water into the pore space in the sediment. The pressure of cementation consolidates and transforms the sediments into sedimentary rocks. |
| Strata | horizontal layers of sedimentary rock sometimes tilted vertical by earth process |
| Two subcategories of Sedimentary Rocks | Clastic Chemical and Organic Sedimentary Rocks |
| Clastic Sedimentary Rock | **composed of fragments of preexisting rocks AKA detrital rocks Conglomerate: composed of pebble-sized fragments |
| Example of Clastic Sed, Rock | SHALE |
| Chemical and Organic Sedimentary Rock | *formed by precipitation of soluble minerals or complicated chemical reactions *Organic sedimentary rocks such as coal form from remains of dead plants and animals |
| Example of Chemical and Organic Sed Rock | LIMESTONE COAL ROCK |
| White rock is | LIMESTONE |
| Dark rock is | SHALE |
| Metamorphic Rock Formation | once were igneous or sedimentary but formed into metamorphic by HEAT and PRESSURE. "cooking" of rocks that rearranges the structure of original rock called METAMORPHISM!!!!!! |
| Example of Metamorphic Rock.. 2 | * Shist * Gneiss |
| Shist | metamorphic rocks with NARROW FOLIATIONS |
| Gneiss | BROAD BANDED FOLIATIONS |
| The 3 Metamorphic Agents | HEAT PRESSURE FLUID |
| What rock results from the metamorphosis of shale? | SLATE |
| What rocks results from the metamorphosis of limestone? | MARBLE |
| What rock results from the metamorphosis of sandstone? | QUARTZITE |
| Relative proportions of the 3 rock types at lithosphere of SANDSTONE LIMESTONE SHALE? | SANDSTONE = 32% LIMESTONE = 22& SHALE = 45% |
| Topography | Surface configuration of Earth |
| Landform | individual topographic feature of any size |
| Internal geomorphic Process | originate within Earth and - increase relief of Land Size |
| External Geomorphic Process | originate from sources above lithosphere - oceans, and atmosphere Decrease relief of Land Surface |
| Uniformitarianism | "The present is the key to the past" Process which shaped landscape of past are the same that will shape future. |
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