Science Ch. 21-Control and Sensing
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Created by:
Lindseyarmanini on May 1, 2012
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 4 Functions of the nervous system | ~Communication and control system- made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves ~Receives information from your environment and from inside your body ~Controls reactions that involve emotion ~Most important system in the body |
| 2 Parts of the nervous system | CNS and PNS |
| What is CNS? | Central Nervous System; made up of the brain and spinal cord. |
| What is PNS? | Peripheral Nervous System; connects the CNS to the rest of the body. |
| Brain | Control center of the body. Directs and coordinates all body processes. |
| Spinal Cord | Bundle of nerves extending from your brain down to your back. |
| Nerves | Are controlled automatically by your brain. Cause some muscles to contract. |
| Neurons | Basic functioning units of the nervous system |
| Dendrites | Relay electrical messages to the neurons. |
| Axons | Carries nerve impulses away from the cell body. |
| Nerve Impulses | Neurons use electrical and chemical energy to send nerve impulses |
| Synapse | The space between neurons. |
| 3 main parts of the brain | Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Medulla |
| Cerebrum | Largest part of your brain that controls functions including all conscious body movement like running. (When you are awake) |
| Cerebrum is divided into two halves | Left Half and Right Half |
| Left Half | controls your ability to speak, use mouth, and think logically. |
| Right Half | Center for music ability, the creation of art, and expression of emotions |
| Cerebellum | Second largest [art of the brain that adjusts impulses of motor neurons so motion is not robot-like or jerky.Fine-tunes motion. |
| Medulla | Smallest portion of brain |
| Name 3 areas that make up the brain stem | Mid-brain, pons, medulla |
| Spinal Cord | connects the brain to the PNS |
| Nerves made up of 2 kinds of nerve fibers | Motor neurons and sensory neurons |
| Motor Neurons | lead from the spinal cord to the muscles and cause them to contract |
| Sensory Neurons | Nerves carry sensory information to the spinal cord, which sends it to the brain. |
| Function of Sensory receptor | functions of a sensory receptor is to take in a stimulus and convert it into a nerve impulse (Ex: Camera flash) |
| Sound waves | all sound comes from vibration. When an object vibrates it creates pressure waves in the air surrounding it.The pressure waves in the are sound waves. |
| eardrum | sound waves pass through the ear canal and strike a thin, round, tightly stretched membrane. |
| Cochlea | fluid-like structure that makes up the inner ear. |
| Semicircular canals are filled with what? | fluid and motion receptors |
| Smell | receptors change odor stimuli into nerve impulses, these nerve impulses are carried by the olfactory nerves to the brain. |
| Taste buds | your tongues sensory receptors |
| 4 different taste sensations | salty, sweet, bitter, sour |
| 4 different sensations you can feel with your skin | detect cold and heat, pressure, pain |
| Touch and pressure receptors are concentrated where? | On the hands and fingertips |
| endocrine glands | a ductless gland that releases hormones directly into the blood stream |
| Hormones | the chemicals made by endocrine glands |
| Hormones can cause changes in? | other organs and regulate many body activities |
| How many endocrine glands are in the human body? | 9 |
| Where is the pituitary gland located? | at the base of the cerebrum |
| What has two lobes? | the pituitary gland |
| What is produced by the pituitary gland? | HGH(human growth hormone) |
| HGH controls? | how fast your muscles, bones and organs grow. |
| HGH stores hormones by what part of the brain? | Hypothalamus |
| what does hypothalamus regulate? | blood pressure |
| What controls the thyroid gland? | the pituitary gland |
| what do the thyroid glands produce? | thyroxine |
| What does thyroxine regulate | body's metabolism |
| Where is the thyroid located? | at the base of the neck, beneath the larynx next to the trachea |
| The pancreas is part of what? | endocrine gland |
| what does the pancreas release? | a hormone called insulin |
| what does insulin do? | helps transport sugar from the blood into the body's cell. |
| The pancreas produces what? | glucagon but it's function is opposite of insulin |
| feedback and control of hormone levels | tightly controlled by a feedback system that automatically turns the endocrine gland on or off. |
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