Chapters 12 & 13
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Functions of Nervous System | (1) monitors the internal and external environments (2) integrates sensory information (3) coordinates voluntary and involuntary responses of many other organ systems |
| Neuron | perform all of the communication, information processing, and control functions of the nervous system. Basic functional units of the nervous system. |
| Neuroglia | supporting cells that separate and protect the neurons, provide a supportive framework for neural tissue. Acts as phagocytes and helps regulate the composition of the interstitial fluid. |
| Axon | long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron |
| Dendrites | branching extensions of neuron that receives messages from neighboring neurons |
| Synapse | specialized site where the neuron communicates with another cell. |
| Anaxonic | have more than two processes, but cannot be distinguished from dendrites. |
| Bipolar | two processes, separated by the cell body |
| Unipolar | single process, with the cell situated off to the side. |
| Multipolar | more than two processes, single axon and multiple dendrites. Most common! |
| Sensory Neurons | deliver information from sensory receptors to the CNS. |
| Motor Neurons | carry information from the CNS to peripheral effectors in a peripheral tissue, organ or organ system. |
| Interneurons | Most numerous. Distribute sensory information and coordinate motor activity. |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | -consists of the spinal cord and brain -responsible for integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory data and motor commands. |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | -includes all of the neural tissue outside of the CNS. -delivers sensory information to the CNS and carries motor commands to peripheral tissues and systems. |
| Afferent Division | brings sensory TO the CNS from receptors in peripheral tissues and organs. |
| Efferent Division | carries motor commands FROM the CNS to muscles, glands, and adipose tissue. |
| Somatic Nervous System | -controls skeletal muscle contractions -voluntary |
| Autonomic Nervous System | -provides automatic regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular secretions, and adipose tissue at the subconscious level. -involuntary |
| Ependymal Cells | assist in producing, circulating, and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Astrocytes | maintain blood brain barrier, provide structural support, regulate ion nutrient in dissolved gas concentrations, and forms scar tissue after injury. |
| Oligodendrocytes | myelinate CNS axons and provide structural framework. |
| Microglia | remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis. |
| Satellite Cells | surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia, regulate oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrient and neurotransmitter levels. |
| Schwan Cells | -surround all axons in PNS -responsible for myelination of peripheral axons -participate in repair process after injury |
| Chemically Gated Channels | -open or close when they bind specific chemicals -most abundant on the dendrites and cell body of a neuron |
| Voltage Gated Channels | open or close in response to changes in the transmembrane potential |
| Mechanically Gated Channels | -open or close in response to physical distortion of the membrane surface -important in sensory receptors that respond to touch, pressure, or vibration. |
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