| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Emotions | Drive behavior |
| Attributions | beliefs |
| Optimistic Style | The tendency of some individuals to make internal and stable attributions for success(high ability) and attribute failures to unstable and external dimensions such as luck and chance |
| Pesimistic Style | The tendency of some individuals to attribute failure to internal and stable characteristics such as low ability and attribute success to unstable and external factors such as luck and chance |
| Self serving bias | The tendancy to take credit for success and blame others or the environment for failure |
| Actor observer bias | The tendency for actors to attribute their outcomes to external factors whereas observers tend to attribute actors outcomes to the internal characteristics of the actor |
| 4 Facets of Emotional Intelligence | Appraisal, use of emotions to enhance cognitive processes, knowledge about emotions, and management of emotions |
| Learned Helplessness | Passive maladaptive responses following repeated failure despite changes in the situation that make success possible |
| Hedonic Relevance | basing attributions toward personal benefit |
| Leadership | Is a process involving the intentional exercise of influence by one person over one or more individuals to guide activities toward the attainment of a mutual goal |
| Mintzbergs study | Went and observed 5 ceo's for 5 days... Direct non-participation observation... |
| Managerial work is not | planned, contemplative, rational |
| Managerial work is | varied, brief, fragmented |
| Internal Validity | The degree to which the experimenter has ruled out all plausible explanations for the exchange in the dependent variable besides the independent variable |
| External Validity | The extent to which the results can be applied to other samples and situations |
| Regression | Occurs whenever extreme scores move towards the mean on a second testing |
| Hawthorne Effect | Whenever the novelty, attention, and interest in the experiment has a positive influence on the subjects performances |
| History | Events other than the experiment that occur at the same time as the experiment |
| Maturation | Whenever experiments occur over time, processes such as aging and experience may influence experimental results |
| Instrument decay | Changes in the instruments or measurement procedures over time |
| Independent Variable | The treatment, manipulation, antecedent, or cause of the effect |
| Dependent Variable | The outcome or effect |
| Main Effect | A "direct" relationship between the independent and dependent variable |
| Mediated Relationship | Whenever a third variable intervenes between the independent and dependent variable and must be present for the independent variable to have an effect on the dependent variable(attributions, anger, and aggression) |
| Moderated Relationship | Whenever a third variable changes the direction or strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable( the effect of ability on gender discrimination during hiring) |
| Halo Effect | one characteristic shadows another |
| Contingency Approach | It is impossible to select one way of managing that works best in all situations. "if then" situation |
| Psychological Leadership | When the leader is a person who possesses certain desirable personality and demographic traits |
| Consideration | Includes behavior indicating mutual trust, respect, and a certain warmth and rapport between supervisor and his group |
| (Initiating) Structure | Includes behavior in which the supervisor organizes and defines group activities and his relation to the group |
| ST | Sensing Thinking... practicle and matter of fact |
| SF | Sensing Feeling...sociable and friendly |
| NF | Intuition Feeling... enthusiastic and insightful |
| NT | Intuition Thinking... intelectual and ingenious |
| Machiavellianism | Reflects the degree tp which an individual feels that other people are manipulable in interpersonal situation. Taps into a persons general strategy for dealing with people. |
| Self Efficacy | Confidence that one believes that one has the capacity to succeed when confronted with achievement based situations in general |
Combine with other sets
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