Transport in Vascular Plants
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Created by:
edcracker38x on May 1, 2012
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 apoplast | consists of everything external to the plasma membranes of living cells and includes cell walls, extracellular spaces, and the interior of dead cells such as vessel elements and tracheids |
| symplast | consists of the entire mass of cytosol of all the living cells in a plant, as well as the plasmodesmata, the cytoplasmic channels that interconnect them |
| apoplastic route | water and solute move along the continuum of cell walls and extracellular spaces |
| symplastic route | water and solutes move along the continuum of cytosol; requiring the passing through a plasma membrane once, when they first enter the plant. After entering one cell, substances can move from cell o cell via plasmodesmata |
| transmembrane route | water and solutes move out of one cell, across the cell wall, and into the neighboring cell requiring repeated crossing of plasma membranes as substances exit one cell and enter the next |
| aquaporins | a channel protein in the plasma membrane of a plant, animal, or microorganism cell that specifically facilitates osmosis, the diffusion of free water across the membrane |
| tonoplast | Membrane enclosing the central vacuole in a plant cell |
| osmosis | the diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| bulk flow | the movement of liquid in response to a pressure gradient; from higher pressure to lower pressure and independent of solute concentration; occurs within the tracheids and vessel elements of the xylem |
| casparian strip | a water-impermeable ring of wax in the endodermal cell of plants that blocks the passive flow of water and solutes into the vascular cylinder through the apoplast by way of cell walls |
| transpiration | the evaporative loss of water from a plant |
| tension | the negative water potential of leaves provides the "pull" in transpiration pull transmitted all the way from the leaves to the root tips and even into the soil solution |
| cohesion | the attractive force between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | the clinging of one substance to another, such as water to plant cell walls by means of hydrogen bonds |
| translocation | the transport of organic nutrients in the phloem of vascular plants |
| chemiosmosis | an energy coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the active transport of sucrose into companion cells and sieve-tube elements |
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