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percent composition the percent by mass of each element in a compound empirical formula a chemical formula showing the ratio of elements in a compound rather than the total number of atoms solution a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances solute the dissolved substance in a solution solvent a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances dissolving the process of a material becoming incorporated uniformly into another, or of two materials mixing together evenly ion-dipole bonding Attraction between an ion and a dipolar molecule homogeneous mixture a mixture in which substances are evenly distributed throughout the mixture heterogeneous mixture a mixture in which different materials can be distinguished easily saturated being the most concentrated solution possible at a given temperature unsaturated not saturated concentrated of or relating to a solution whose dilution has been reduced dilute lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture soluble (of a substance) capable of being dissolved in some solvent (usually water) insoluble (of a substance) not easily dissolved electrical conductivity how well a substance allows electricity to flow through it. hydration energy energy change accompanying the hydration of a mole of gaseous ions lattice energy the energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions entropy a measure of the disorder of a system dynamic equilibrium result of diffusion where there is continuous movement of particles but no overall change in concentration concentration the strength of a solution molarity the number of moles of solute per liter of solution dilution weakening (reducing the concentration) by the addition of water or a thinner volumetric flask used to make solutions of known concentration, accurate liq. vol. measurement graduated pipet glass; common sizes are 10mL, 25mL; used to measure solution in volumes; less accurate than a volumetric pipet.