chapter 23 animal bio global ecology
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Biosphere | the region of the earth water crust and atmosphere inhabits by living organisms |
| Ecosystem | a place where organisms interact between each other and their environment |
| Terrestrial | several distinct types based on the temperature and waterfall |
| Aquatic | freshwater and marine |
| Abiotic | nonliving environment |
| biotic components | living components |
| Autotrophs | producers |
| Heterotrophs | consumers |
| Herbivores | feed on plants and algae |
| carnivores | feeds on other animals |
| onivores | eat both plants and animals |
| Detritus feeders | feed on decomposing organic matter |
| Niche | the role an organism plays in an ecosystem such as how it gets it s food, what it eats and how it interacts with other organisms. |
| Energy flow | - begins and continues when producers absorb solar energy -occurs as nutrients pass from one population to another -this energy is converted to heart that dissipates into the environment - only a portion of energy is passed to organisms as they consume one another |
| chemical cycling | -inorganic nutrients are returned to producers from the atmosphere or soil -chemical recycle within and between ecosystem |
| Food wed | describing who eat whom -grazing food wed - detrital food wed |
| trophic levels | composed of all organisms that feed at a particular link in the food chain -producers primary consumers and secondary consumers |
| Ecological pyramid | reflects the loss of energy from one tropic level to another - only about 10 % of energy of the tropic level is available to the next trophic level |
| Biogeochemical cycle | are pathway by which chemical circulate through an ecosystem including both living and nonliving components 1. water cycle 2. carbon cycle 3. nitrogen cycle 4. phosphorus cycle |
| Reservior | fossil fuels, minerals in rocks and sediment in oceans that contain inorganic nutrients that are limited in availability |
| Exchange pools | atmosphere, soil and water that are ready sources of inorganic nutrients |
| Water cycle | water evaporates from the bodies of water land plants and returns when water fall on land to enter the ground, surface water or aquifers |
| Carbon cycle | -Co2 is exchanged between the atmosphere and living organisms -plants incorporate atmosphere co2 into nutrients through photosynthesis that can be used by living organism -co2 is required to the atmosphere through respiration |
| Nitrogen cycle | -78% of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas but it is not a usable from by plants -nitrogen-fixed bacteria convert nitrogen gas to ammonium that can be used by plants -nitrifying bacteria convert ammonium to nitrate -bacteria convert nitrate back to nitrogen gas through a process call denitrification |
| ozone shield | a layer of the ozone in the stratosphere that absorbs uv rays prevents them from reaching the earth |
| cause of depletion | chlorine atom primarily from chlorofluorocarbon (CFC's) - freon used as a coolant -cleaning agent -agent used to make Styrofoam |
| concerns about loss of ozone | - increases mutation leading to skin cancer - adversely affects the immune system - impair crop and tree growth - cant kill algae and kill krill that sustain oceanic life |
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