Chapter 29: Human Development and Aging
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84 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 viability (hours) of ovum | 12-24 |
| number of sperm ejected during ejaculation | 300 million |
| number of sperm that reach ampulla of fallopian tube | 2000-3000 |
| term for penetration of the egg membrane | capacitation |
| # of hours before capacitation can occur | 10 |
| window of fertilization | 48 hours prior to ovulation - 14 hours post ovulation |
| enzymes found in acrosome of sperm | hyaluronidase and acrosin |
| description of fast block reaction | Na+ inflow into egg causes depolarization, repulsion of other sperm |
| description of slow block reaction | cortical granules create fertilization membrane |
| term for embryo/fetus + extraembryonic membranes | conceptus |
| weeks of 1st trimester | 1-12 |
| weeks of 2nd trimester | 13-24 |
| weeks of 3rd trimester | 25-delivery |
| term for cells of developing embryo | blastomeres |
| term for cell division of developing embryo | cleavage |
| term for a solid ball of cells | morula |
| term for ball of cells with a cavity | blastocyst |
| portion of blastocyst that forms the placenta | trophoblast |
| portion of the trophoblast that remains as individual cells | cytotrophoblast |
| portion of the trophoblast that grows into the endometrium, becomes a single mass | syncytiotrophoblast |
| hormone produced by the trophoblast | HCG |
| action of HCG | stimulates corpus luteum --> progesterone + estrogen --> suppresses menstruation |
| inner cell mast of blastocyst | embryoblast |
| weeks during which embryogenesis occurs | 2-8 |
| length of embryo at 2 weeks | 2 mm |
| length of embryo at 8 weeks | 3 cm |
| term for conceptus at the end of 8 weeks | fetus |
| 3 primary germ layers | ectoderm mesoderm endoderm |
| structures produced by the ectoderm | integument, nervous tissue, lens |
| structures produced by the mesoderm | dermis, muscles, blood, skeleton |
| structures produced by the endoderm | mucosa of GI tract, respiratory tract |
| term for the development of internal organs during embryogenesis | organogenesis |
| antibody type passed through the placenta to developing fetus | IgG |
| 4 embryonic membranes | amnion yolk sac allantois chorion |
| 4 functions of the amnion | protection freedom of development symmetrical development constant pressure and temperature |
| 3 functions of the yolk sac | first blood cells origin of gametes forms part of midgut |
| function of the allantois | contributes to the umbilical cord |
| function of the chorion | forms fetal part of the placenta |
| 3 sources of prenatal nutrition | uterine milk trophoblastic nutrition placental nutrtion |
| source of uterine milk | glycogen rich secretion from uterine tubes and endometrial glands |
| source of trophoblastic nutrition | digestion of endometrial cells by syncytiotrophoblast |
| hormone that promotes glycogen, amino acid, and lipid storage by endometrial cells | progesterone |
| weeks that compose the fetal stage of development | week 9-birth |
| number of arteries and veins in umbilical cord | 2 arteries, 1 vein |
| vessel that bypasses liver in developing fetus | ductus venosus |
| adult structure formed from ductus venosus | ligamentus venosum |
| opening between right and left atrium in fetus | foramen ovale |
| adult structure present in heart formed from foramen ovale | fossa ovalis |
| vessel that connects pulmonary trunk to aorta in fetus | ductus arteriosus |
| adult structure pressent between pulmonary trunk and aorta formed from ductus arteriosus | ligamentum arteriosum |
| term for child weeks 1-6 | neonate |
| week of CNS development | week 4 |
| week of eye formation | week 8 |
| week of sex determination | week 12 |
| week eyes become anterior | week 16 |
| week lanugo appears | week 20 |
| term for fine hair on the fetus | lanugo |
| term for waxy secretion on the fetus | vernix caseosa |
| term for twitch/movement of the fetus | quickening |
| week surfactant is produced in the fetus | week 24 |
| week eyes open | week 28 |
| week twins are often born | week 32 |
| week lanugo is shed | week 36 |
| week and day of heart development | week 4, day 22 |
| week of digital ray development | week 8 |
| week of blood cell formation | week 8 |
| week eyes form laterally | week 12 |
| week the fetus begins to swallow amniotic fluid | week 12 |
| week vernix caseosa appears | week 20 |
| week twitch begins | week 20 |
| week baby assumes vertex position | week 28 |
| week testes descend in male | week 28 |
| result of premature birth if born before 7 months, no surfactant present | respiratory distress syndrome |
| result of premature birth if born before 7 months due to poor hypothalamus development | no thermoregulation |
| organ that underperforms in premature infants | liver |
| term for abnormalities present at birth | congenital anomalies |
| causes of congenital anomalies | chemicals, teratogens, viruses, bacteria, nondisjunction |
| two ways to detect nondisjunction before birth | amniocentesis chorionic villus sampling |
| common name for trisomy 21 | down syndrome |
| term for egg removal | oophorectomy |
| term for ovary removal | ovariectomy |
| term for uterine tube removal | salpingectomy |
| term for uterus removal | hysterectomy |
| term for testes removal | orchidectomy |
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