chemistry chapter 4
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Created by:
tifflazo630 on September 23, 2009
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 atom | the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of the element |
| cathode ray | a stream of charged particles carrying a negative charge |
| nucleus | a tiny dense region, centrally located within the atom that contained all of an atom's positive charge and virtually all of its mass |
| proton | a subatomic particle carrying a charge equal to but opposite that of an electron |
| atomic number | the amount of protons in an element |
| isotopes | atoms with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons. |
| atomic mass | the weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element |
| nuclear reactions | reactions which involve an atoms nucleus, which result in changing an atom into an atom of another element. |
| radioactivity | the process in which substance spontaneously emit radiation. |
| radiation | the rays and particles emitted by the radioactive material |
| radioactive decay | a process that does not require energy to lose energy by emitting radiation. |
| nuclear equation | an equation that shows the atomic number and mass of the particles involved. |
| democritus | matter is composed of empty space through which atoms move |
| democritus | atoms are solid, homogeneous, indestructible, and indivisible |
| democritus | different kinds of atoms have different sizes and shape |
| democritus | apparent changes in matter result from changes in the groupings of atoms and not from the changes in the atoms themselves |
| dalton | all matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms |
| dalton | all atoms of a given element are identical, having the same size, mass and chemical properties. Atoms of a specific element are different from those of any other element; false |
| dalton | atoms cannot be created, divided into smaller particles, or destroyed; false |
| dalton | different atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds |
| dalton | in a chemical reaction, atoms are separated, combined or rearranged |
| alpha radiation | radiation that deflects toward the negatively charged plate |
| beta radiation | radiation that deflects toward the positively charged plate |
| gamma radiation | high-energy radiation that possess no mass |
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