| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Organic Compound | carbon-based molecules |
| hydrocarbons | compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen |
| carbon skeleton | the chain of carbon atoms in and organic molecule |
| isomer | compounds with the same formula, but different structure |
| functional group | the groups of atoms that usually participate in chemical reactions in an organic molecule |
| hydroxyl group | a functional group that consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atoms, which in turn is bonded to the carbon skeleton of a molecule (ex. alcohols) |
| carboxyl group | a functional group with a carbon atom linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom |
| carbonyl group | a FG with the carbon double bonded to an oxygen and bonded to a hydroxyl group |
| amino group | a FG with a nitrogen atom bonded o two hydrogen atoms |
| phosphate group | a phosphorus atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms |
| polymers | a large molecule consisting of many identical or similar molecular units strung together |
| monomers | the single pieces that make up a polymer |
| dehydration synthesis | joining together monomers by taking away two hydrogens and an oxygen |
| hydrolosis | taking apart water and breaking bonds between cells and adding the hydrogen and water to it |
| monosaccharides | carbohydrate monomers |
| carbohydrate | a class of molecules ranging from the small sugar molecules sound in soft drinks, to starch (SUGARS) |
| polysaccharides | polymers of monosaccarides linked together by dehydration synthesis |
| glycogen | a glucose polysaccaride in which animals store excess sugar |
| cellulose | most abundant organic compound on earth. used in cell walls and cannot be digested by humans. FIBER! |
| lipid | diverse compounds that consist mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by nonpolar covalent bonds |
| hydrpphobic | water-fearing (ex. LIPIDS) |
| fat | a large lipid made from glycerol and fatty acids. Used as energy storage and to cushion the vital organs and insulate the body. |
| unsaturated | a fat having less the maximum number of hydrogens eg. having a double bond. healthy. |
| saturated | having the maximum number of hydrogen. unhealthy! |
| protein | a polymer construccted from amino acid monomers. VERY COMPLICATED. |
| amino acids | have an amino group and carboxyl group. a chain of which is called a polypeptide. |
| nucleic acids | polymers that can serve as the blueprint for proteins |
| genes | specific stretches of DNA molecule that program that amino acid sequences |
| nucleotides | the momomers that make up nucleic acids (backbone of the double helix) |
| nitrogenous base | Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine (RNA doesnt have thymine, it has Uricil) |
Combine with other sets
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