1.
ACE inhibitors: PERSISTENT COUGH. hypotension, headache, dizziness
2.
adrenergic blockers: syncope, urinary hestiancy in those with bph, dizziness, drowsiness, lightheadedness, blurred vision, tinnitus, epistaxis, edema, possible nasal congestion
3.
alkylating agents: bone marrow suppression is primary dose-limiting adverse effect. red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets begin to decline quickly. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. alopecia is expected
4.
aminoglycosides: ototoxicity is possible and may become permanent with continued use. Ringing in the ears, dizziness, and persistent headaches are early signs. monitor for nephrotoxicity
5.
anticholinergics: tachycardia, tendency to cause urinary retention in men with prostate disorders, drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, dry mucous membranes, urinary hesitancy, decreased sweating, (SOB, cough, dysphagia, syncope, fever, anxiety, RUQ pain, extreme lethargy, dizziness signs of anticholinergic crisis)
6.
anticoagulants: BLEEDING.
7.
antifungal drugs: fever and chills at the beginning of therapy, phlebitis is common during IV therapy, nephrotoxicity, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
8.
antimetabolites: fatal bone marrow toxicity at high doses. hemorrhage and bruising due to low platelet counts are often observed. Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia are common.
9.
antiplatelets: flulike syndrome, headache, diarrhea, dizziness, bruising, upper respiratory tract infection, and rash or pruritus. GI bleeding can occur. Excessive bleeding is a potential adverse effect
10.
antiretrovirals: severe toxicity to blood cells at high doses. anemia and leukopenia are common, headache, generalized weakness, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, lactic acidosis.
11.
atypical antidepressants: generally similar to SSRIs and SNRIs. headache, insomnia, nervousness, dry mouth, dizziness, weight loss, sexual dysfunction, chills, confusion, anxiety, restlessness, HTN, termors, sweating, fever, blurred vision, constipation, and muscle incoordination
12.
barbiturates: depress CNS function, drowsiness, withdrawal syndrome is extremely severe and can be fatal. overdose results in profound respiratory depression, hypotension, and shock. at high doses some can produce anesthesia
13.
benzodiazepines: drowsiness, sedation, amnesia, weakness, disorientation, ataxia, sleep disturbance, BP changes, blurred vision, double vision, nausea, and vomiting.
14.
Beta Blockers: bradycardia, hypotension, dizziness, fainting, risk for bronchospasm, diminished sex drive and impotence
15.
bile acid resins: GI disturbances. constipation, bloating, nausea, indigestion. self-medication with niacin can cause gout and liver damage from high doses. it will not lower cholesterol at low doses. take 1 hour before or 4 hours after other meds. dissolving it in water and keeping fluid intake high helps to avoid irritation of the mouth and constipation
16.
biologic response modifiers: flulike syndrome of fever, chills, dizziness, and fatigue, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. depression and suicidal ideation have been reported. with prolonged therapy, immunosuppression, serious toxicity such as hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity may be observed
17.
Calcium Channel Blockers: headache, dizziness, and flushing. reflex tachycardia, rebound hypotension if suddenly stopped.
18.
cardiac glycoside: initial ones are GI related and include loss of appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea. Headache, drowsiness, confusion, and blurred vision may occur. excessive slowing of the HR and other cardiac abnormalities can be fatal if not corrected.
19.
Cephalosporins: like penicillins, ALLERGY most common. GI complaints common, kidney toxicity in older drugs.
20.
CNS stimulants for ADHD: insomnia, nervousness, anorexia, weight loss, irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, liver toxicity.
21.
cytotoxic antibiotics: major dose-limiting adverse effect is bone marrow suppression. adverse effects are similar to those of the alkylating agents
22.
decongestants: most serious, limiting adverse effect is rebound congestion when used for longer than 3-5 days. minor stinging nad dryness in nasal mucosa. HTN and CNS stimulation that may lead to insomnia or anxiety
23.
Diuretics: dehydration is one of most common. electrolyte imbalances most common. hypokalemia (loss of Potassium) or hyperkalemia (high levels of potassium; occurs when taking potassium supplements with potassium-sparing diuretics)
24.
drugs for helminth and protozoan infections: anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, and headache. Dryness of mouth and metallic tast can occur with Flagyl
25.
fibric acid agents: few serious adverse effects. Rashes and Gi complaints are the most common. increased risk of gallstones
26.
fluoroquinolones: nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea most frequent. most serious are DYSRHYTHMIAS and potential HEPATOTOXICITY.
27.
H1 receptor blockers (antihistamines): 1st gen cause significant drowsiness. dry mouth, tachycardia, and mild hypotension
28.
hormone and hormone antagonists: nausea and vomiting, hot flashes, fluid retention, venous blood clots, and abnormal vaginal bleeding relatively common
29.
immunosuppressants: infections common. reduction in urine output, tremor, HTN, elevated hepatic enzyme values.
30.
insulins: most serious is hypoglycemia: (s/s: tachycardia, confusion, sweating, and drowsiness)
31.
intranasal corticosteroids: most common are intense buring sensation in the nose immediately after spraying and drying of the nasal mucosa. nasal irritation and bleeding occur in a few pts.
32.
macrolides: no serious adverse effects. Mild GI upset, diarrhea, and abdominal pain are most common.
33.
MAOIs: orthostatic hypotenstion, headache, insomnia, diarrhea. avoid foods containing tyramine and caffeine
34.
mood stabilizers: excessive sweating or dehydration can cause lithium toxicity. dizziness, fatigue, short-term memory loss, increased urination, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, muscular weakness, and slight tremors
35.
nonbenzodiazepine, nonbarbiturate CNS depressants: daytime sedation, confusion, amnesia, dizziness, depression, nausea, vomiting, headache, drowsiness, sweating, palpitations, shaking, rebound insomnia when discontinued
36.
Nonstimulants for ADHD: headache, insomnia, upper abdominal pain, decreased appetite, and cough
37.
NSAIDs: heartburn. uncommon unless given in high doses. at high doses, can cause GI discomfort and bleeding
38.
opioids: respiratory depression, sedation, nausea, vomiting, dysphoria, hallucinations, constipation, dizziness, itching
39.
oral hypoglycemics: rashes and photosensitivity are possible. mild, GI-related effects such as nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite
40.
organic nitrates: headache most common, dizziness, reflex tachycardia
41.
parasympathomimetics: increased salivation, sweating, muscle cramping, abdominal cramping, hypotension (orthostatic), diarrhea, difficulty breathing, blurred vision, muscle weakness
42.
penicillins: ALLERGY most common. (s/s allergy: rash, fever, and anaphylaxis) diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Anaphylaxis is most serious.
43.
Potassium Channel Blockers: bradycardia, possibly hypotension, can worsen dyrshythmias. most serious is a pneumonia-like syndrome. blurred vision, rashes, photosensitivity, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, dizziness
44.
Sodium Channel Blockers: have potential to cause new dysrhythmias or worsen existing ones. hypotension, dizziness, fainting, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention can occur, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and headache.
45.
SSRis and SNRIs: weight gain, sexual dysfunction, excessive doses can cause confusion, anxiety, restlessness, HTN, tremors, sweating, fever
46.
statins: GI disturbances such as indigestion, flatulence, cramping, and constipation. can cause muscle injury resulting in symptoms such as weakness, soreness, and pain. atorvastatin and rosuvastatin are effective regardless the time of day taken. taking other statin drugs in the evening makes them available to work on the higher amount of cholesterol that the body makes at night.
47.
sulfonamides: nausea and vomiting most frequent. More serious are formation of crystals in urine, allergic reactions, nausea, and vomiting. not common, but potentially fatal blood abnormalities can occur.
48.
sympathomimetics: SOB, palpitations, dizziness, chest/arm pain or pressure, tachycardia, urinary retention in men with prostate disorder, drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, dry mucous membranes, urinary hesitancy, decreased sweating
49.
TCAs: anticholinergic effects. tachycardia, tendency to cause urinary retention in men with prostate disorders, drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, dry mucous membranes, urinary hesitancy, decreased sweating, orthostatic hypotension, sedation, constipation
50.
tetracylcines: GI distress relatively common, photosensitivity, decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives
51.
thrombolytics: like anticoagulants, bleeding is major adverse effect.
