Chapter 10 Pathology Terms
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Created by:
YaldaMuzara on May 2, 2012
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Urinary System
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 acute glomerulonephritis | type of nephritis (kidney infection) in which the glomeruli are the key structures affected; also called acute nephritic syndrome |
| bacterial cystits | inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection, commonly coexisting with bacterial urethritis, both of which together constitute a urinary tract infection (UTI), sometimes referred to as a bladder infection |
| chronic glomerulonephritis | condition in which the glomeruli suffer gradual, progressive, destructive changes, with resulting loss of kidney function; also called chronic nephritis |
| diabetic nephropathy | kidney disease associated with diabetes that results in inflammation, degeneration, and sclerosis of the kidneys |
| diuresis | abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine |
| end-stage renal disease (ESRD) | final phase of kidney disease |
| enuresis | involuntary urination during sleep; also called bedwetting |
| frequency | need to urinate more often than normal |
| glucosuria, glycosuria | sugar in the urine |
| hydronephrosis | condition in which the renal pelvis and calyces become distended and dilated and begin to atrophy due to urine outflow obstruction |
| interstitial cystitis | chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder lining not caused by infection or other identified pathology |
| interstitial nephritis | pathological changes in renal tissue that destroy nephrons and impair kidney function |
| nephrotic syndrome | uncommon disorder marked by massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia (low blood albumin), hyper lipidemia (high blood lipids), and hypercoagulability (high tendency to form blood clots) |
| neurogenic bladder | bladder dysfunction (retention, incontinence, or altered capacity) due to disease or injury of the central nervous system or certain peripheral nerves |
| phimosis | narrowing or stricture of the foreskin opening of the penis |
| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | group of hereditary, progressive disorders in which cysts (small sacs of fluid) form in the kidneys, eventually destroying them |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation and infection caused by bacterial growth in the renal pelvis and kidney |
| renal calculus | small stone, composed of mineral salts, that may obstruct portions of the kidneys or a ureter; also called kidney stone |
| renal colic | severe, intermittent pain caused by spasms of the ureter |
| renal failure | acute or chronic failure of the kidneys to effectively eliminate fluids or wastes from the body |
| stress incontinence | involuntary urine leakage upon physical stress, such as a cough or sneeze |
| tubular necrosis | renal failure caused by acute injury to the renal tubules |
| uremia | increased level of urea or other wastes in the blood |
| urgency | need to urinate immediately |
| urinary retention | inability to urinate |
| urinary tract infection (UTI) | inflammation and infection caused by bacterial growth in the urinary tract, usually the bladder |
| vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) | abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureter |
| Wilms tumor | rapidly growing type of kidney cancer that most commonly affects children; also known as nephroblastoma |
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