1.
acute glomerulonephritis: type of nephritis (kidney infection) in which the glomeruli are the key structures affected; also called acute nephritic syndrome
2.
bacterial cystits: inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection, commonly coexisting with bacterial urethritis, both of which together constitute a urinary tract infection (UTI), sometimes referred to as a bladder infection
3.
chronic glomerulonephritis: condition in which the glomeruli suffer gradual, progressive, destructive changes, with resulting loss of kidney function; also called chronic nephritis
4.
diabetic nephropathy: kidney disease associated with diabetes that results in inflammation, degeneration, and sclerosis of the kidneys
5.
diuresis: abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine
6.
end-stage renal disease (ESRD): final phase of kidney disease
7.
enuresis: involuntary urination during sleep; also called bedwetting
8.
frequency: need to urinate more often than normal
9.
glucosuria, glycosuria: sugar in the urine
10.
hydronephrosis: condition in which the renal pelvis and calyces become distended and dilated and begin to atrophy due to urine outflow obstruction
11.
interstitial cystitis: chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder lining not caused by infection or other identified pathology
12.
interstitial nephritis: pathological changes in renal tissue that destroy nephrons and impair kidney function
13.
nephrotic syndrome: uncommon disorder marked by massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia (low blood albumin), hyper lipidemia (high blood lipids), and hypercoagulability (high tendency to form blood clots)
14.
neurogenic bladder: bladder dysfunction (retention, incontinence, or altered capacity) due to disease or injury of the central nervous system or certain peripheral nerves
15.
phimosis: narrowing or stricture of the foreskin opening of the penis
16.
polycystic kidney disease (PKD): group of hereditary, progressive disorders in which cysts (small sacs of fluid) form in the kidneys, eventually destroying them
17.
pyelonephritis: inflammation and infection caused by bacterial growth in the renal pelvis and kidney
18.
renal calculus: small stone, composed of mineral salts, that may obstruct portions of the kidneys or a ureter; also called kidney stone
19.
renal colic: severe, intermittent pain caused by spasms of the ureter
20.
renal failure: acute or chronic failure of the kidneys to effectively eliminate fluids or wastes from the body
21.
stress incontinence: involuntary urine leakage upon physical stress, such as a cough or sneeze
22.
tubular necrosis: renal failure caused by acute injury to the renal tubules
23.
uremia: increased level of urea or other wastes in the blood
24.
urgency: need to urinate immediately
25.
urinary retention: inability to urinate
26.
urinary tract infection (UTI): inflammation and infection caused by bacterial growth in the urinary tract, usually the bladder
27.
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR): abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureter
28.
Wilms tumor: rapidly growing type of kidney cancer that most commonly affects children; also known as nephroblastoma
