Ms. Eulo Chapters 19 and 20
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40 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What are the three types of stress? | Compressional, Tensional, Shear |
| In which direction does each pull the earth? | Comp- Force pressing in Ten- Force pulling out Shear- Force that twists |
| Difference between stress and strain? | Stress is force acting on a material, strain is deformation of material |
| During elastic deformation does rock go back to its original shape? | Yes |
| What is failure? | When a material breaks. |
| What causes failure? | When stress outweighs the strength of the material |
| What is ductile deformation? | Material is permanently deformed. |
| Relate fork to elastic, ductile and failure. | Bend fork a bit- Elastic Bend fork more- Ductile Break fork- Failure |
| Three types of faults? | Reverse, Normal and Strike-slip |
| What causes reverse? | Compression stress |
| What causes normal? | Tensional Stress |
| What causes strike-slip? | Shear Stress |
| Three types of seismic waves? | P-Wave, S-Wave, Surface Wave |
| Where in the earth and in what direction do P-waves move? | Back and forth; inner earth |
| Where in the earth and in what direction do S-waves move? | Up and Down; inner earth |
| Where in the earth and in what direction do surface waves move? | Back, forth, up and down; surface |
| Where is focus? | Underground |
| What is the fault line? | Line going up through earth |
| Where is the epicenter? | Surface |
| Which of the three wave types arrives first? | Primary waves |
| What does the disappearance of S-Waves tell scientists about the outer core? | Outer Core is liquid |
| How long does it take for a P-wave to reach a seismic station 2000 km's away from the epicenter? | 4.2 Minutes |
| How long does it take for a S-wave to reach a seismic station 2000 km's away from the epicenter? | 7.7 Minutes |
| What is the separation time between the waves? | 3.5 Minutes |
| What is the difference in the strength of an earthquake for each magnitude level up? | A factor of 10 (10 times for one level up, 100 times for two levels up) |
| What is magnitude? | Energy released by the earthquake |
| What is intensity? | Damage done |
| How many seismic stations do you need to calculate the location of an earthquake? | 3 |
| Where do we see most earthquakes occurring? | Plate Boundaries |
| Which depth of an earthquake is the strongest if all have the same magnitude? | Shallow |
| What is an earthquake hazard in our class? | Cabinets aren't secured to the wall |
| Why is this dangerous? | They could fall on students |
| What could be done to fix this? | Bolt the cabinets to the wall |
| What does removing mass from the crust cause? | Isostatic Rebound causes crust to rise |
| Where does the sediment come from in a basin? | Erosion from island arcs |
| Why are there two main elevations that dominate earth's topography? | Because there are two types of crust, with different densities and thicknesses |
| What is isostatic rebound? | When crust rises because mass is removed. |
| What type of plate boundary is associated with Orogenic Belts? | Convergent boundaries |
| Why are convergent boundaries associated with Orogenic Belts? | The force of two crusts collides to create mountains |
| In a mountain peak, what is there to provide necessary buoyancy for the peak? | Root |
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