genetics terminology

5 Written Questions

1. specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
2. both genes contribute to the phenotype of the organism, ex. spotted or striped
3. trait related to a gene that is found on the X or Y chromosomes
4. section of DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait
5. creates a blended phenotype; one allele is not completely dominant over the other

5 Matching Questions

1. phenotype
2. probability
3. independent assortment
4. heterozygous
5. hybrid

1. a principle that genes do not influence each other's inheritance because they are separated independently during meiosis
2. b likelihood an event will occur
3. c offspring of a cross between parents with different traits; heterozygous
4. d has two different alleles for a particular trait; hybrid, ex. Pp
5. e physical characteristics of an organism

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. has two identical alleles for a particular trait; true-breeding or purebred, ex. PP or pp
   1. homozygous
   2. hybrid
   3. dominant
   4. heterozygous
2. sex cell; sperm or egg
   1. gamete
   2. allele
   3. gene
   4. genotype
3. error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes don't separate; gametes end up with wrong number of chromosomes
   1. codominance
   2. segregation
   3. nondisjunction
   4. dominant
4. inherited two identical alleles for a trait; homozygous or purebred
   1. recessive
   2. trait
   3. true-breeding
   4. probability
5. genetic makeup of an organism
   1. genotype
   2. gamete
   3. phenotype
   4. gene

5 True/False Questions

1. Punnett square → physical characteristics of an organism

   True        False

2. multiple alleles → form of a gene

   True        False

3. dominant → trait that will show up in an organism's phenotype if gene is present

   True        False

4. recessive → genetic makeup of an organism

   True        False

5. allele → form of a gene

   True        False