PSY: Chapter 6
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Created by:
a_folck Plus on May 2, 2012
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64 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Consciousness | Subjective awareness of internal and external events. |
| Attention | Internal process that set priorities for mental function. |
| Dichotic Listening | In an this experiment, you listen to two voices at the same time; one is presented to one ear and the second is presented to the opposite ear. Subject can repeat (shadow) the attended ear message and very little or not at all of the unattended ear message. |
| Cocktail Party Effect | Researchers use the term to refer to the fact that most people will respond to another calling their name even if they have their attention focused on activities occurring in a different part of the room. Except we notice if our name suddenly appears in the ignored message. |
| Automaticity | Psychologists use this term to refer to fast and effortless processing that requires little or no focused attention. Examples: Playing piano, swimming, and driving. |
| Visual Neglect | Tendency to ignore things that appear toward left side of the body. (Usually the left side)- could be visual or auditory- usually damage to the right brain (right parietal lobe). |
| Impulsive | Children who are hyperactive and this may suffer from attention deficit/hyperactive disorder. |
| ADHD | Person with this may be easily distracted and may squirm and fidget and regularly blurt out answers to questions in class before the questions are completely asked. |
| Ritalin | In low doses, this improves a person's ability to concentrate and focus attention selectively. |
| Circadian Rhythms | In humans, this refer to activities that rise and fall along a 24-hour cycle (sleep wake cycle) can change if the day is 26 hour or 22 hour day). |
| Alpha | Waves are the high-amplitude, slow waves that are associated with being in a relaxed, drowsy state. |
| Theta | Waves are the low-amplitude, slightly irregular waves that are associated with entering the first stage of sleep. |
| Sleep Spindles | Second stage of sleep is characterized by the occasional occurrence of this which are short bursts of brain activity. |
| Delta | Third and fourth stages of sleep, this activity is observed in which there are more synchronized slow-wave brain patterns. |
| Biological Rhythms | Regular daily transition from waking to sleep, internal cycle that characterizes many bodily functions. Ex: Mensuration for Females |
| Biological Clocks | Internal brain structures that trigger biological rhythms plus environment affect them at appropriate times. |
| EEG | Measure electrical activity of the brain and measure brain waves. |
| Height | Amplitude |
| Frequency | How often (how close) |
| Regularity | How much similar |
| Sleep Spindles | Second stage of sleep is characterized by the occasional occurrence of this which are short bursts of brain activity. |
| K Complexes | Second stage of sleep is characterized by this which are sudden, sharp intermittent waveforms indicating that one's brain is still sensitive to events occurring in the external world. |
| Delta | In the third and fourth stage of sleep and is a slow-wave sleep patterns. |
| Paradoxical Sleep | Brain waves activity matches awake brain waves but the individual is fast asleep or dreaming (individual is deeply asleep). |
| REM (Rapid Eye Movement) | Stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and low amplitude, irregular EEG patterns resembling those found in the waking brain and is associated with dreaming, occurs 70-90 minutes also paradoxical sleep. |
| REM Rebound | Refers to the fact that one tends to spend more time dreaming if one does not receive adequate sleep in previous days. |
| Non-REM | Happens in the Stage 1-Stage 4. |
| Activation-Synthesis | Hypothesis suggests dreaming is a consequence of random activity in the brain. |
| Wish Fulfillment | View that dreaming is a psychological mechanism for this is associated withe Sigmund Freud. |
| Repair and Restoration | Sleep restores and/or repairs the body and brain and allow time for body and mind to recover. |
| Dyssomnias | Used to refer to a sleep disorder. |
| Insomnia | Sleep disorder in which a person has trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. |
| Hypersomnia | Sleep disorder in which a person is excessively sleepy and often catnaps during the day. |
| Sleep Apnea | Sleep disorder in which a person stops breathing during sleep and then suddenly jerks awake, gasping for breath. |
| Night Terrors | Sleep disorder in which a person has horrifying experiences that cause panic and sudden awakening for non-REM sleep. |
| Nightmares | Anxiety-producing dreams (REM sleep). |
| Parasomnias | Refer to abnormal sleep disturbances, such as nightmares, night terrors, and sleep walking. |
| Sleep Walking | Sleep disorder in which a person rises and wanders about during sleep non-REM sleep. |
| Psychoactive Drugs | Drugs that affect behavior and mental processes through alterations of conscious awareness. |
| Drug Dependency | Physical or a psychological need for continued use of a drug. |
| Drug Withdrawal | Sweating, vomiting, heart rate, tremors. |
| Tolerance | What a drug user develops over time, which results in more and more of the drug's being needed to produce the same effect. |
| Depressants | Ethyl alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers. Slow the ongoing activity of the central nervous system. |
| Stimulants | Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy. Drugs that increase central nervous system activity. |
| Opiates | Narcotics of opium, morphine, and heroin. Reduce anxiety, low sensitivity to pain, and elevate mood plus often act to depress nervous system activity. |
| Hallucinogens | Psychedelics of LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, and marijuana. Disrupts normal mental and emotional functioning, such as disorienting perception and altering reality and use of marijuana could help alleviate the negative effects of chemotherapy. |
| Hypnosis | A form of social interaction that produces a heightened state of suggestibility in a willing participant by Mesmer. |
| Meditation | Participant alone who seeks to manipulate awareness; heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure decrease. EEG recordings of alpha-waves activity. |
| Hypnotic Hypnosis | Refer to the supposed enhancement in memory that occurs under hypnosis. |
| Threat Simulation | Dreaming evolved to help us practice the skills needed to avoid threats. |
| Narcolepsy | Rare sleep disorder characterized by sudden extreme sleepiness. |
| Hypnotic Dissociation | A hypnotically induced splitting of consciousness during which multiple forms of awareness already exist. |
| Hypnotic Hypermnesia | The supposed enhancement in memory that occurs under hypnosis; there is little if any evidence to support the existence of this effect. |
| Attention | The internal processes that people use to set priorities for mental functioning are referred to as: |
| Right Parietal Lobe | Visual neglect is most often associated with an injury to: |
| Stage 3 Sleep | Jerome is hooked up to an EEG in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the EEG recording, delta waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Jerome: |
| 4 to 5 Times | Over the course of an average night, most adults will cycle through the various stages of sleep: |
| Protect us from danger from most vulnerable. | The survival value or adaptation theory of sleep suggests that the purpose of sleep is to: |
| Depression is often less | When patients with severe depression are deprived of REM sleep: |
| Consists of the hidden or unconscious desires that cannot be expressed directly | According to Freud, the latent content of a dream: |
| Insomnia | For several months now, Warren has gone to bed at his usual time, but has awakened at 2 A.m. He finds that no matter what he does, he can't go back to sleep after he wakes up at this early hour. It is likely that Warren is suffering from: |
| Increasing the effectiveness of norepinephrine and dopamine. | Amphetamines produce their effects by: |
| A blending of perceptions from different sensory receptors | Synesthia refers to: |
| True | Individuals with narcolepsy experience sleep attacks that last from a few seconds to several minutes, and the person directly enters a kind of REM-sleep state, without passing through Stages 1-4 of the sleep cycle. |
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