Botany Final CH. 3
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78 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Live for one growing season | Annuals |
| Live for two growing season | Biennials |
| Live for many years (growing season) | Perennials |
| No particular number of leaves or branches | Indeterminate flowers |
| Determinate | Flowers are determinate or indeterminate |
| are determinate or indeterminate | Leaves and branches |
| Meristem | Cell division takes place in |
| Takes up water, ions, and push against cell wall. | elongation in plant growth |
| differentiate, takes on specialized characterisics. Some parts of plants are forever young. | Maturation process |
| Stem cells in plants capable of dividing, unspecialized, capable of giving rise to tissues that will mature. | Meristem |
| Apical & Latera | two types of Meristems |
| On shoot tips, on root tips give rise to all other tissues auxiliary buds primary growth- grwoth in length and number of branches | Characteristics of Apical Meristems |
| Secondary growth- growth in girt Vascualar Cambium, new secondary xylem and phloem Cork Cambium, Periderm | Characteristics of Lateral Meristems |
| Woody Dicot | An example of secondary growth in Lateral Meristems |
| Covering Tissues | Dermal |
| Leaf | Example of a complex epidermis is |
| Upper and lower epidermis Gaurd cells are photosynthetic may have trichomes Produces a waxy cuticle that keeps in water | A leaf contains |
| root hairs increase the surface area for absorption no waxy cuticle | A root contains |
| Suberin: gummy, water proofing material outside bark of stem or a root. | Periderm with cork contains |
| Conducts water and absorbs nutrients and minerals | Xylem |
| angiosperms and gymnosperms flowering plants and confers long, slender, tapering cells protoplast dies at maturity secondary cell wall- walls are like pipeline | Tracheids |
| Programmed cell death | apoptosis |
| secondary wall dead at maturity found in flowering plants and gnetophytes efficient and faster flow of water larger diameter, pores in cell wall | Vessels in xylem |
| specialized to conduct organics | Phloem |
| conducting alive at maturity cytoplasmic connections from one cell to another | Sieve tube members |
| Primary ground tissue alive at maturity relatively less differentiable can divide (wound healing) Functions in photosynthesis photosynthesis parenchy in a leaf-mesohpyll stoage | Parenchyma |
| Primary Wall Active at maturity Primary wall is thicker in corners Stregnthening young tissues | Collenchyma |
| Secondary wall Strong, used for strength ofen dead at maturity | Sclerenchyma |
| Sclerdis | Example of sclerenchyma |
| long and slender, found in xylem and phloem for strength | fibers of sclerenchyma |
| Epidermis splits to form new periderm cortext parenchyma will differentia into cork cambium 2 layers of meristematic tissue makes new layers of growth. | Secondary Tissue |
| Secondary xylem | Wood |
| water | Heart wood does not transport what |
| water | Sapwood transports wat |
| spring (early wood- large diameter cells, thin walls; summer (late wood- smaller diameter, thicker walls. | Explain annual rings |
| Layer of cells that control what will enter the plant and stele | Endodermis |
| filling the spaces in cell wall materials | Casparian strip |
| between cells through cells and through cell membrane at the endodermis | In plants water travels through 3 places |
| Capable of being divided Helps plants with making new layers and it is where branch roots originate | Pericycle |
| Vascular cambium and pericycle | Secondary xylem and phloem are created by |
| periderm | Pericyle produces cork cambium this gives rise to |
| root pressure | Movement of water and minerals in xylem |
| osmosis | Water enters plant by what type of transport |
| Loss of water in liquid form. | guttation |
| end of leaf blades | guttation occurs |
| loss of water from leaves by evaporation | Transpiration |
| Transpiration adhesion cohesion tension | 4 elements of TACT force |
| lost of water by evaporation of leaves | Transpiration |
| attraction of unlike molecules ex: water and cellulose | Adhesion |
| Attraction of like molecules ex: water and water | Cohesion |
| Due to pulling (water molecules are being pulled,) tree gets skinnier | Tension |
| Pumps out H water ender via aquaporins osmois | Function of Guard cells |
| low amount of water, and abscic acid hormone (produced during drought) | Gaurd cells close in response to |
| light (blue) low CO2 | Guard cells open in response to |
| Crassulacean Acid Metabolism | CAM Plant an acronym for |
| plants adapted to dry areas | Crassulcean acid metabolism is found in |
| take in CO2 and incorporates it into organic molecules during the day. | In CAM plants, an open stomata does what |
| Thicker epidermis and cuticle Reduced leaf area Sucken Stomata | Adaptions to reduce water loss are |
| Transport of solutes in phloem | Translocation |
| where solute is produced | Source |
| whter the solute is taken up | sink |
| leaves | In summer, where is the source of sugar |
| roots, and stem, (from storage. | In early spring, source of sugar is found in |
| at the source, solute enters sieve tube; water enters by osmosis; pressure increases At the sink, solute leaves sieve tube; water leaves sieve tube by osmosis; presure decreases | What is the pressure flow hypothesis |
| Indole aceti acid | Auxin |
| Shoots | phototrophism loacted in |
| Auxin from apical bud inhibits growth of axillary buds | Apical Dominance |
| promotes formation of adventious roots | What is unique about a root tone |
| natural aging | sensce |
| shedding of plant parts | abscission |
| auxin | young leaf blade |
| protects from inavasion of bacteria's H2O loss | superized layer |
| cell walls get very weak | seperation layer |
| weed killers dicots sensitve angent orange | Synthetic auxin |
| influences development of plant parts | Balance of auxin/cytokinin- |
| promotes cell division retart senesence | Cytokinin |
| Foolish seeding diseases of rice | Giberellins |
| fungus, promotes stem elongation | Giberella |
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