SLEEP CENTER OF YUMA
Order by
80 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hypoxemia | Abnormally low blood oxygen saturation level. |
| Hypoventilation | Insufficient breathing volumes, resulting in increased levels of CO2 in the blood. |
| Hyperventilation | Rapid deep breathing, resulting in reduced levels of CO2 in the blood. |
| Epoch | A single page of a polysomnogram, typically representing 30 seconds of data. |
| Central Apnea | A cessation of breathing, characterized by an absence of both airflow and respiratory effort. |
| Arousal | An interruption of sleep continuity, identified by an abrupt shift in EEG fraquency. |
| Apnea | A cessation of airflow detected at the nose and mouth occurring for 10 seconds or longer. |
| Alpha Intrusion | A transient appearance of alpha activity during sleep. |
| Electrode Popping | Artifact caused by electodes which momentarily lift away from the skin. |
| Tonic and Phasic | REM sleeo is classified into what two categories? |
| Sawtooth Waves | Relatively low amplitude waves, with a notched, sawtooth appearance- common feature of REM sleep. |
| Sleep Spindles | Short rhythmic waveform clusters of 12-14 Hz, often showing a waxing and waning appearance- a characteristic feature of stage 2 sleep. |
| K- Complex | A sharp negative wave, followed by a slower positive in stage 2 sleep. |
| Vertex Waves | sharp negative waves, usually within the theta frequency range- typically appearing during the latter part of stage 1 sleep. |
| Bio- Calibrations | A sequence of tests used to verify and document appropriate amplifier and pen responses to carious maneuvers performed by the patient prior to a sleep study. |
| Thermocouple | A device containing two dissimilar metals, which generate an electrical signal in response to temperature variations. |
| Rise Time Constant | The time requires for a pen to reach 63% of signal amplitude when a DC calibration signal is applied to an amplifier |
| Resistor | A device used to limit the passage of electrical current. |
| Resistance | Opposition to an electrical current. |
| Referential Derivation | Signal obtained by comparing voltages from an exploring electrode to a relatively inactive location. |
| Ohmmeter | An instrument used fro measuring electrical resistance. |
| Gain | Ratio of output voltage to input voltage, amplifier sensitivity. |
| Leakage Current | Stray current generated by the proximity of electrical power cords to abjoining cables or the polygraph chassis. |
| Inductance Plethysomography | A method of measuring changes in body (or body parts) circumference. |
| Ground Loop | An undesirable electrical pathway between two separate ground connections, resulting in possible hazard to a patient. |
| Filter | An electronic device designied to reduce or eliminate unwanted frequencies from passing through as amplifier. |
| Fall Time Constant | The time required for a pen to descend to 37% of signal amplitude when a DC calibration signal is applied to an amplifier. |
| Electroencephalogram (EEG) | Recording of electrical activity generated by the brain. |
| Conductor | Any material capable of transmitting an electrical current. |
| Common Ground | A ground connection shared by more than one instrument or appliance. |
| Capacitor | An amplifier component used for storing an electrical charge. |
| Bipolar Derivation | Signals obtained by comparing voltages from two exploring electrodes. |
| Bio- electrical potentials | Voltages originating from living tissues. |
| Baseline Sway | Undesirable variations in baseline during a recording, usually caused by sweat or movement. |
| Attenuation | Reduction in size or amplitude of a signal. |
| Time Constant | Refers to the response time of the polygraph pens in relation to high and low frequency filter settings during a calibration procedure. |
| Hertz | Measurement of frequency, number of cycles per second. |
| Signal Frequency | The number of pen deflections or '' waves'' recorded within the span of one second. |
| What is the recommendes procedure for electrode application to record eye movements? | One electrode is 1 cm above and slightly lateral the auter canthus, while the other electrode is 1 cm below and slightly lateral the auter canthus of the eye. |
| Sundowning | What term is linked with patients experiencing evening and nocturnal hallucinations associated with dementia? |
| What initial effect does administering supplement oxugen have on the OSA patient? | A significant increase in apnea duration with associated hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis. |
| Severe oxygen desaturation and hypercapnia | A complaint of morning headaches associated with severe sleep apnea is a result of what? |
| Suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) | Known as the pacemaker for mammalian circadian rhythms. |
| Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) | The number of apneas (obstructive, central, mixed) plus hypopneas per hour of total sleep time as determined by all-night polysomnography. |
| REM Density | A function that expresses the frequency of eye movements per unit time during sleep stage REM. |
| False Sweating and panting is seen in NREM, but absent in REM. | Thermoregulatory responses such as sweating and panting are noted in REM, but are absent in NREM sleep. TRUE or FALSE |
| Alpha Intrusion | Term used for a brief superimposition of EEG alpha activity on sleep activies during a stage of sleep. |
| REM occupies what percentage of sleep in the neonate at term? | 50% |
| Indeterminate Sleep | An epoch that does not meet the criteria for Active Sleep or Quiet Sleep is called what? |
| How many sleep- onset REM episodes in a series of 5 naps are diagnostic for Narcolepsy? | 2 |
| In order to assess the occurrence of REM sleep during the MSLT, the test should continue for how long after the first epoch of sleep? | 15 minutes |
| How many min after lights-out (if no sleep is seen) is the standard MSLT terminated? | 20 minutes |
| The Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) | This sleep test is used in the assessment and diagnosis of disorders of excessive somnolence and to evaluate daytime sleepiness in relation to various therapeutic or experimental manipulations. |
| Common Mode Rejection Ratio | The degree to which an amplifier will reject a common mode signal is expressed as what? |
| Nasion, Inion, Right Preauricular, and Left Preauricular | List the 4 skull landmarks used in the 10-20 System of Electrode Placement. |
| How are eye movements recorded? | There is a small electropotential difference between the cornea (+) and the retina (-). An electrode closest to the cornea will register a (+) deflection; electrode closed to the retina will register a (-) deflection. |
| Alpha activity in stage REM sleep is how many cps slower than during wakefulness? | 1-2 cps slower |
| Stage 3 | This stage requires at least 20% but not more than 50% of the epoch to consist of waves of 2 cps or slower with amplitudes greater then 75 u V from peak to peak? |
| K- Complex | The total duration of this waveform should exceed 0.5 sec with a well-delineated negative sharp wave followed by a positive component. |
| Vertex Sharp Wave | The amplitude of this waveform is occasionally as high as 200 u V. |
| Stage 1 | What sleep stage: low voltage, mixed frequency EEG with a prominence of activity in the 2-7 cps range, slow eye movements tends to be relatively short, ranging from 1-7 minutes. |
| Derivation | Signal obtained from a pair of electrodes or sensors. |
| Current | Flow of electrical force along a conductor. |
| Short Circuit, Leakage Current, Ground Loop | Three pontential sources of stray electrical current. |
| Headbanging | Jactatio Capitis Nocturna |
| Periodic Breathing | Infant breathing pattern that alternates regular breathing with 5-10 seconds of apnea. |
| Quiet Sleep | Trace Alternant pattern is associated with what stage of sleep in the infant? |
| At what age do sleep spindles appear in the infant? | They appear at 4 weeks of age , develop rapidly through 8 weeks of age, and clearly characterize NREM sleep by 3 months of age. |
| Observed behaviors and movement patterns | Other than the EEG recording, what else is used to differentiate the sleep stages in the infant? |
| Active Sleep | Periodic breathing in the normal infant most commonly occurs in Active or Quiet Sleep. REM sleep in the infant is known as? |
| Quiet Sleep | NREM sleep in the infant is known as? |
| Poikilothermia | During REM sleep, inhibition of thermoregulartory mechanisms leads to a state of what? |
| Transient Insomnia | A Sleep disturbance that lasts one to several nights in an isolated period and is most often caused by an acute situational stress or travel across multiple time zones. |
| A patient can become the Pathway of least resistance, and therefore susceptible to shock when occurs? | When not all the equipment attached to the patient is connected to a common ground. |
| Ultradian rhythm | of alternating sleep cycles has a period of 30-70 minutes during infancy. Less than 24 hours. |
| Neonates | Paradoxical breathing is noted in neonates or infants. |
| "Nasal Breathers" | Are newborns and infants obligatory " nasal breathers" or "mouth breathers"? |
| Intiation and Maintenance of Wakefulness | The reticular activating system is essential. |
| Narcoleptic tetrad | consist of EDS, Cataplexy, Sleep Paralysis, Hypnagogic Hallucinations |
| Tricyclic Antidepressants | Aggravate Periodic Limp Movements of Sleep. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.