Algebra Chapter 2 Vocab
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34 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Absolute Value | the distance a number is away from zero |
| Counterexample | Any example that proves a statement false |
| Dependent Variable | A variable that provides the output values of a function (goes on the y-axis) |
| Independent Variable | A variable that provides the input values of a function (goes on the x-axis) |
| Equation | A mathematical sentence that uses an equal sign |
| Expression | A mathematical sentence composed of numbers, variables, and/or operations. Does NOT have an equal sign. |
| Function | A relation that assigns exactly one output for each input. |
| Natural Numbers | Counting Numbers: 1,2,3,4, etc. |
| Whole Numbers | Natural numbers AND 0. 0,1,2,3... |
| Integers | Whole numbers and their opposites: -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3... |
| Rational Numbers | Numbers that can be written as a fraction of integer/integer. As a decimal, a rational number ends or repeats. Examples: 1/3, -2.5, 16 |
| Irrational Numbers | Numbers that never end or repeat when written as a decimal. Examples: pi, the square root of 2... |
| Real Number | any number that is rational OR irrational |
| Measures of central tendency | Mean, Median, and Mode. They are used to organize, summarize, and find the "center" of data. |
| Mean | The sum of the numbers divided by the number of terms |
| Median | The middle of a set of data that is ordered from least to greatest. |
| Mode | The data item that occurs the most often |
| Range | The difference between the highest and lowest data terms. |
| Additive Inverse | The opposite of a number |
| Coefficient | A number that multiplies a variable. For example, the coefficient of -5x is -5. |
| Complement of an Event | All possible outcomes that are NOT in the event. |
| Constant | A number that has no variable |
| Dependent Events | Two events in which the occurrence of one event affects the probability of the second event. |
| Independent Events | Two events in which the occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the second event. |
| Distributive Property | a(b + c) = ab + ac a(b - c) = ab - ac |
| Theoretical Probability | In theory, the probability that an event SHOULD happen. It is the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the total number of outcomes if all outcomes have the same chance of happening. |
| Experimental Probability | In an experiment, what DOES happen... The ratio of the number of times that an event actually happens to the number of times that the experiment is done. |
| Term | a number, a variable, or the product of number(s) and variable(s). Example: 5, y, -3x |
| Like Terms | terms that have the same variable and the same power |
| Multiplicative Inverse | reciprocal Example: the multiplicative inverse of 3/2 is -2/3 |
| Odds | a ratio of the favorable outcomes to the unfavorable outcomes for an event |
| Probability | how likely it is that an event will occur Probability is formally written as P(event) |
| Reciprocal | Multiplicative Inverse When you multiply a number and its reciprocal, you get 1. |
| Sample Space | All possible outcomes of an event Example: When tossing two coins, the sample space is HH, HT, TH, and TT. |
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