ECA Review Set 3
About this set
Created by:
loracottom Plus on May 3, 2012
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Description:
vocabulary review for the ECA exam
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cell | the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| cell theory | Cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| cytoplasm | a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
| vacuole | cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
| ribosomes | site of protein synthesis |
| endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified |
| Golgi apparatus | A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell |
| chloroplast | an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
| mitochondrion | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| cell wall | strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria |
| lipid bilayer | double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
| hypertonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes |
| isotonic | (used of solutions) having the same or equal osmotic pressure |
| homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment |
| selectively permeable | a property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot |
| cilia | short, hair-like structures made of microtubules that enable movement of cells or movement of materials outside a cell |
| flagella | whip-like structure used for motility |
| eukaryote | organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| prokaryote | unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
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