Flashcards: Biochemistry
About these flashcards
Created by:
Clausen 
on September 24, 2009
Subjects:
Groups:
Heineman group (the 1 with the long title) Meatsack1s group :), Science/ Math
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Matter | Anything occupying space and having mass |
| Element | substance that can't be broken down into another substance by simple chemical means |
| Compound | Two or more elements chemically bonded in a fixed ratio |
| Octet rule (outer shell rule) | Tendency of atoms to react with other atoms to fill the valence shell |
| Covalent Bond | A chemical bond in which two or more atoms share one or more pair of outer electrons |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond |
| Double Covalent Bond | Sharing of two pair of electrons |
| Structural Formula | Formula representing molecule according to the type of bonds between each atom |
| Molecular or Chemical Formula | Formula representing the ratio of atoms in a molecule |
| Hydrocarbon | Large variety of molecules consisting of carbon and hydrogen. |
| Polymer | Large molecule consisting of many repeating units |
| Monomer | Building block of much larger molecules |
| Dehydration Synthesis Reaction | Reaction in which OH group bonds with H group to form water during the process of polymerization |
| Monosaccharide | Glucose, Fructose, Galactose |
| Carbohydrate | Organic molecule containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio |
| Glucose | Monosaccharide used to fuel cell activities. Blood sugar. |
| Dissaccharide | Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose. |
| Maltose | Dissacccharide formed by glucose + glucose |
| Polysaccharide | Polymer made of monosaccharides |
| Starch | Polysaccharide formed by plants consisting of glucose monomers. |
| Cellulose | Structural polysaccharide found in cell walls of plants. |
| Glycogen | Polysaccharide stored in the liver and muscles of animals. Consists of branched glucose monomers. |
| Lipid | Diverse organic compound making up fats, waxes, steroids. |
| Glycerol | Monomer of lipids consisting of 3 carbon atoms bonded to OH groups. |
| Fatty acids | Monomers of lipids consisting of long single bonded or double bonded carbon chains. |
| Triglyceride | Molecule consising of a glycerol and three fatty acid chains. |
| Saturated fat | Triglyceride molecule consisting of single bonded carbon chains resulting in maximum hydrogen bonding. |
| Unsaturated fat | Triglyceride molecule consisting of at least one double bonded carbon lessening the number of hydrogen bonds. |
| Hydrogenated fat | Unsaturated fats that have had hydrogen atoms added to make more saturated |
| Protein | Polymer consisting of amino acids |
| enzyme | Protein responsible for facilitating chemical reactions |
| amino acid | molecule consisting fo amine group and carboxyl group |
| Peptide Bond | Bond connecting amino acids. Formed by bond between carboxyl group and amine group. |
| Primary Structure | Linear chain of amino acids. |
| Secondary Structure | Amino acid chain that folds and coils upon itself. |
| Tertiary Structure | The 3-D shape formed by folding polypeptide chain. |
| Quaternary Structure | Two or more tertiary polypeptide structures functioning as one. |
| Nucleotide | Monomer of nucleic acid consisting of sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base |
| Nucleic Acid | Organic molecule carrying genetic information |
| hydroxyl functional group |  |
| carbonyl functional group |  |
| carboxyl functional group |  |
| amine functional group |  |
| phosphate functional group |  |
| glucose (mono) structural formula |  |
| maltose (disaccharide) structural formula |  |
| amino acid structural formula |  |
| cellulose structural formula |  |
| nucleotide |  |
| polypeptide (protein) |  demonstrates dehydration synthesis to form polymer |
| nucleic acid |  |
| saturated fat |  |
| unsaturated fat |  |
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