| Term | Definition |
|---|
| diffusion | when a substance moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
| concentration gradient | exists when there is more of a substance in one area than in another area |
| no diffusion | no concentration gradient |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water ; movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| solution | a mixture when one substance dissolves some sort of particle |
| solvent | the liquid portion of the solution |
| solute | the particles that are dissolved in the liquid |
| hydration sphere | a shell that is formed when a substance is dissolved inwater and some water molecules are attracted to the solute |
| intracellular fluid compartment | stores the fluid inside the cell |
| intracellular fluid | the fluid inside the cell |
| extracellular fluid | the fluid outside the cell |
| extracellular fluid compartment | stores the fluid outside the cell |
| semipermeable membrane | when a membrane allows some things to pass through but not others |
| tonicity | the ability of an external solution to have an effect on the volume and pressure of the lluid inside a cell |
| isotonic solution | if the solute concentration of the ECF is equal to the solute concentration of the ICF and the concentration of water molecules that are free to move across the cell membrane are the same inside and outside of a cell |
| hypertonic solution | if the solute concentration of the ECF is greater than the ICF |
| hypotonic solution | if the solute concentration of the ICF is greater than the ECF |
| carrier mediated transport | anytime a substance enters or exits a cell through a protein in the membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | requires no energy; occurs when membrane proteins are used to provide channels that allow substance to diffuse across the cell membrane |
| neurotransmitter | an example of a chemical messenger that may act as a key to open the membrane channels |
| active transport | ATP is required; proteins use ATP to pump substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration; concentrates substances on one side of the cell |
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