Weavers Developmental Psychology
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53 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Schema | an internal representation of the world |
| Overgeneralization | applying grammar rules in areas they don't apply ("I writed a story"; goed; comed) |
| Assimilation | modifying or the application of a general schema to a particular instance |
| Accomadation | changing or eliminating existing schema to fit better with new information |
| Conservation | the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects |
| Object Permanence | the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived |
| Representational Thought | the intellectual ability of a child to picture something in his or her mind |
| Critical Period | a specific time in development when certain skills or abilities are most easily learned. The case study of Genie was a sad example of this. |
| Kohlberg | theorist who claimed individuals went through a series of stages in the process of moral development. |
| Kubler Ross | theorist who proposed that terminally Ill patients go through a series of stages as they approach death. |
| denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance | The 5 states of dealing with death that Kubler Ross proposed terminally ill patients go through |
| Erik Erikson | Proposed 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?" |
| Trust vs. Mistrust | Eriksons' first psychosocial crisis. infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic needs (for food, comfort, attention, and so on) are met |
| Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt | Erikson's stage in which a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so brings on bad feelings |
| Initiative vs. guilt | Erikson's third stage in which the child finds independence in planning, playing and other activities |
| Industry vs. inferiority | Erikson's stage between 6 and 11 years, when the child learns to be productive |
| Identity vs. role confusion | Erikson's stage during which teenagers and young adults search for and become their true selves |
| Intimacy vs. Isolation | Erikson's stage in which individuals form deeply personal relationships, marry, begin families |
| Generativity vs. stagnation | Erikson's stage of social development in which middle-aged people begin to devote themselves more to fulfilling one's potential and doing public service |
| Ego integrity vs. despair | (Erikson) People in late adulthood either achieve a sense of integrity of the self by accepting the lives they have lived or yield to despair that their lives cannot be relived |
| Telegraphic Speech | the kind of verbal utterances in which words are left out, but the meaning is usually clear |
| Conservation | the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects |
| Imprinting | The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life. |
| Egocentric thinking | seeing the world from only your own point of view; the inability to take another person's perspective |
| Democratic authrotative | parenting style in which there a compromising decision making between parent and child |
| Authoritarian | style of parenting in which the parent creates strict rules for the child and the child has little or no input into determining the rules |
| Permissive | describes a parenting style that is characterized by the parent making few demands on the child |
| Uninvolved | Parenting style that allows children to make their own guidelines/rules/decisions |
| Androgynous | having both male and female characteristics |
| Gender Role | a set of expected behaviors for males and for females |
| Gender Identity | the sex group (masculine or feminine) to which an individual biologically belongs |
| clique | a small, exclusive group; a group held together by like interests or purpose |
| conformity | going along with one's peers-individuals of our own status who have no special right to direct our behavior |
| autonomy | Independence or freedom, through the will of one's own actions |
| Emotional Child Abuse | Belittling or shaming the child: name-calling, making negative comparisons to others, telling the child he or she is "no good," "worthless," "a mistake." |
| Physical Child Abuse | Any act that results in a non accidental physical injury by a person who has care, custody, or control of a child. |
| Margret Mead | Person who concluded that temperment is the result of cultural factors rather than biological factors |
| Introvert | a person whose thoughts and interests are directed inward |
| Extrovert | one who is outgoing; one who is energized rather than drained by interactions with others |
| Generativity | the desire, in middle age, to use one's accumulated wisdom to guide future generations |
| Child Neglect | Most common form of child abuse |
| Konrad Lorenz | researcher who focused on critical attachment periods in baby birds, a concept he called imprinting |
| Mary Ainsworth | developmental psychology; compared effects of maternal separation, devised patterns of attachment; "The Strange Situation": observation of parent/child attachment |
| James Marcia | Theory that identities constructed in one of the following four ways: diffusion, moratorium, foreclosure, and achievement. He interviewed adolescents using these four categories |
| Diane Baurmind | distingushed between 3 different parenting styles |
| Gender role | a set of expected behaviors for males and for females |
| Gender identify | refers to the understanding of ourselves as male or female, we think it means to be male or female |
| Puberty | the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing |
| Androgynous | having features of both sexes; suitable for both male and female |
| Asynchrony | the condition during adolescence in which the growth or maturation of bodily parts is uneven |
| Identity Crisis | a period of inner conflict during which one examines one's values and makes decisions about one's life direction (ex. mid-life crisis) |
| Conformity | acting according to certain accepted standards |
| Gender stereotype | an oversimplified or distorted generalization about the characteristics of men and women |
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