Must Know Vitamin
Order by
45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Which Vitamin is important for visual pigments and specialized epithelial declls? | Vitamin A- found in leafy green vegetables |
| Which Vitamin is used to treat measles | Vitamin A |
| Which Vitamin deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin, and possibly squamous metaplasia? | Vitamin A |
| What vitamin excess causes headaches, sore throat, fatigue, skin changes, and arthralgias? | Vitamin A |
| What vitamin is an important co-factor for enzymes in glycolysis, TCA, HMP, and branched-chain AA dehydrogenase as TPP? Does Transketolases | Thiamine- Vitamin B1 |
| What vitamin deficiency impairs glucose breakdown leading to ATP depletion so that a glucose infusion can make it worse? | Thiamine- B1 |
| What vitamin disorder causes polyneuritis, and symmetrical muscle wasting? | Thiamine- B1- Dry Beri Beri |
| Which vitamin deficiency causes high output cardiac failure from dilated cardiomyopathy and edema? | Thiamine-B1- Wet Beri Beri |
| What vitamin deficiency causes confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia as well as confabulation, personality change, memory loss? Where is the damage? | Thiamine-B1- Wernicke-Korsakof- damage to Medial Dorsal Nucleus of thalamus and mamillary bodies |
| What vitamin is an important cofactor in oxidation and reduction as FADH2? | Vitamin B2- Riboflavin FAD, FMN 2ATPs |
| What vitamin deficiency causes cheilosis (inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures and corners of the mouth, and corneal vascularization? | Vitamin B2- Riboflavin |
| What vitamin is derived from tryptophan? What other vitamin is required for its synthesis? What diseases affect this? | Vitamin B3- Niacin Needs B6 1) Hartnup disease (decreased tryptophan absorption) 2) Malignant carcinoid syndrome (increased tryptophan metabolism to synthesize seratonin) 3) Ingestion of INH (decreases B6) |
| What vitamin is important in Redox reactions and is a constituent of NAD+ and NADP+? | Vitamin B3- Niacin |
| What vitamin deficiency causes glossitis and diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia? | Vitamin B3- Niacin Pellagra- "3Ds"- Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia |
| What vitamin excess can cause facial flushing? | Vitamin B3- Niacin, used in treatment of hyperlipidemia (Increases HDL) |
| What vitamin is essential component of CoA (acyl transfers) and fatty acid synthase? | Vitamin B5- Pantothenate |
| What vitamin deficiency causes dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, and adrenal insufficiency. | Vitamin B5- Pantothenate |
| What vitamin is an important co-factor in transamination (ALT/AST), decarboxylation, glycogen phosphorylase, cystathione synthesis, and heme synthesis? | Vitamin B6- Pyridoxine |
| What important NT and biological complexes require B6? | Dopa-->Dopamine Histadine-->Histamine Glycine-->Porphyrin-->Heme Glutamate-->GABA |
| What vitamin deficiency causes convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy, and sideroblastic anemias? | Vitamin B6 Seizures- decreased GABA Neuro sympotoms- decreased NE, Epi, Dopamine, and Seratonin (indirectly because B6 needed to make B3) Anemia- from decrease in heme synthesis INH and other drugs can cause it |
| Which vitamin is a cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase (transfers CH3 groups) to make Methionine and THF and methymalonyl-CoA mutase (Succinyl CoA in odd chain FA synthesis) | Vitamin B12- Cobalamin |
| Which vitamin deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented neutrophils and neurological symptoms due to abnormal myelin? | Vitamin B12- Cobalamin |
| What test is used to detect cause of B12 deficieny? | Schilling test Part 1: Oral labeled B12 and intramuscular B12- look for urine to see if it is absorbed. Part 2: Test repeated with oral labeled B12 + IF- look for radiolabeled urine. If yes, pernicious anemia can also be given with antibiotics (bacterial overgrowth problems absorbing in terminal ileum) or pancreatic enzymes (can't dissociate R-B12 in duodenum). |
| What can diseases can B12 deficiency? | Malabsorption (sprue, enteritis), Diphyllobothrium latum worm, lack of IF from pernicious anemia or gastric bypass, or absence of terminal ileum (chron's disease) |
| What vitamin is converted into THF used for 1 carbon transfer/methylation reactions? | Folic Acid- small reserve pool stored in liver Comes from green veggies |
| What vitamin deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia, no neurological symptoms and is often seen in alcoholism and pregnancy? | Folic acid- small reserve pool |
| What vitamin is especially important for synthesis of Purines and DNA/RNA? | Folic acid |
| What important molecule transfers methyl groups and requires Vitamin B12 and Folate | S-adenosyl-methionine ATP+ methionine==> SAM Required to make Epinephrine from NE |
| What is an important cofactor for carboxylation enzymes? What reactions specifically? | Biotin- 1) Pyruvate carboxylase: Pyruvate--> Oxaloacetate (4C) in TCA 2) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase: Acetyl-CoA (2C)-->malonylCoA (3C) in Fatty Acid synthesis 3) Propionyl-CoA carboxylase: Propionyl-CoA (3C)-->MethymalonylCoA (4C) |
| What vitamin is involved in absorbing iron, hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis, and necessary for dopamine Beta-hydroxylase (Dopamine to NE) | Vitamin C |
| What vitamin deficiency causes swollen cums, bruising, hemarthrosis, anemia, and poor wound healing as well as a weakened immune system? | Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) |
| What vitamin is important for intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate in the jejunum. How is the active form made? | Vitamin D D2/D3 ingested or formed from sun from cholesterol 1) Liver hydroxylation to 25-OH-D3 (also storage form) 2) Kidney hydroxylation to 1, 25- OH-D3 (calcitriol) active form |
| What is Ergocalciferol, where is it found? Cholecalciferol? | Ergocalciferol- D2- from plants Cholecalciferol- milk or can be formed from conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol by UV light |
| What vitamin deficiency causes soft bones in adults and bending bonds in children, and tetany. Causes? | Vitamin D- dark skinned people and less vitamin D in breast milk |
| What vitamin excess causes loss of appetitie, stupor, hypercalciuria and stones. | Vitamin D- excess can occur in sarcoidosis from an increased activation of Vitamin D by epithelioid macrophages with 1-alpha-hydroxylase |
| What vitamin protects erthrocytes and meembranes from free radical damage? | Vitamin E |
| What vitamin deficiency can caused hemolytic anemia, muscle weakness, and posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demylination that looks like friedrich's ataxia? | Vitamin E- also antioxidant that can neutrolize oxidized LDL and protect from Phospholipase A. |
| What vitamin toxicity can inhibit synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors | Vitamin E >1100 units |
| What vitamin catalyzes gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues? Where is this made? | Vitamin K- gamma-carboxylation important for clotting factors. Synthesized by intestinal flora |
| What clotting factors depend on Vitamin K? | 2, 7, 9, and 10 also C and S |
| What vitamin deficiency can cause neonatal hemorrhage with increased PT and aPTT but normal bleeding time? | Vitamin K- supplement in neonates. Can also occur with broad-spectrum antibiotics |
| What metal is important for the activity of over 100 enzymes and is important in transcription factors? | Zinc- component of Zing fingers (transcription motif) |
| What Vitamin deficiency causes delayed wound healing, hypogonadism, and a decrease in adult hair and anosmia. | Zinc- |
| What nutritional deficiency causes skin lesions, edema, liver malfunction (fatty change from decreased apoliporproteins). Small child with swollen belly. | Protein malnutrition- Kwashiorkor |
| What nutritional deficiency causes tissue and muscle wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat and edema | Energy malnutrition- Marasmus |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.