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Social Information Processing Theory online relationships aren't necessarily bad, they just take longer to form sip vs gulp Uncertainty Reduction diminish uncertainty thorough self-disclosure and other forms of communication Social Penetration Theory Relationship development is predictable Non-intimate to intimate Symbolic Interactionalism people use symbols to create meaning and act upon that meaning to define their own reality Coordination Management of Meaning People create meaning through interaction with each other and act based on that meaning Expectancy Violations Theory We have expectations on how other should behave. When those are violated we attach meaning to it and it shapes our view of the violator Breadth Know a lot about Depth Knowing one area deeply Interactional Theory you cannot not communicate. systems constantly strive for equilibrium Relational Dialectics relationships are dynamic tensions and competing pulls occur and communication helps to negotiate those. relationships are interdependent. dialogue Elaboration likelihood elaboration is the key to persuasion. if your argument is strong and you can elaborate you will persuade Cognitive dissonance constructing a world-view and finding reassurance for that view 1. avoid opposing view points 2. seek reassurance after making a tough decision 3. change private beliefs to match public behavior when there is minimal justification for an action Small group fulfill these for group decision making: analyze problem --> set goals --> identify alternatives (pros and cons) --> decide and implement Adaptive structuration social rules guide behavior of groups, reduce uncertainty and provide structure. communication creates structure for organization and show that their is structure Organizational culture a system of shared values and a group of beliefs created by communication and upheld by symbols Rhetorical theory using communication to be persuasive ethos credibility pathos emotional appeals logos your rational evidence Dramatism the critics tool to discover the speaker's motives (act, scene, agent, agency, purpose) Narrative theory we base our rationale on the art of telling/understanding stories Fidelity does it ring true? Coherence does it make sense? Central motive to alleviate guilt because it causes discomfort Semiotics use of signs, study of symbols to create meaning Cultivation theory media distorts reality gives a false view of the world but this view is believed to be true by heavy viewers Agenda setting media tells us what to think and how to think about it sets the tone for what issues we should form opinions about and what opinions we should form Spiral of silence if your opinion is not popular.....you shut up Hard core resist to cave in... persist to express the anti-viewpoint Communication accommodation being able to adjust your comm for each situation Face self image in the presence of others Facework what you do to protect your face Failure events Lose face Facework process what you do to recover face Standpoint theory social group we belong to shapes the way in which we view the world Gender communication Deborah Tannen Muted group theory women and men perceive the world differently... men tend to be dominant in society and take over societal communication language defined by men because they have been in power Uses and Gratification theory people are NOT mindles victims of media we seek specific gratifications active self-aware consumers of media people use media to fulfill their own purposes Competent communicator need skill range, adaptability, self-monitory, empathy, effectiveness, appropriateness, in order to achieve competence Report the more direct method men talk to obtain info Rapport talk for the purpose of interacting with others