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Vectors A living organism that transmits an infectious agent from one host to another Mechanical Vector Pathogen is transmitted passively on the feet an body parts of arthropod; Organism is not involved in the life cycle of the pathogen; usually the cause of food-borne infections Biological Vector Pathogen completes part of its life cycle within the organism; Lives in body of vector but does not cause disease in vector; transmits by biting, sucking, or aerosol formation Sandfly  Feeds on blood  Disease: leishmaniasis  Pathogen: Leishmania Deer fly (Chrysops) The female fly feeds on blood  Disease: loiasis  Pathogen: Loa loa Black fly/gnat (Simulium) Blood sucking  Disease: onchocerciasis  Pathogen: Onchocerca tsetse fly (Glossina) Blood sucking  Disease: African sleeping sickness; African trypanosomiasis;  Pathogen: Trypanosoma brucei Reduviid bug (also kissing bug; Triatoma)  Disease: Chagas' disease  Also called American trypanosomiasis  Pathogen: Trypanosoma cruzi Anopheles mosquito Disease: malaria  Pathogen: Plasmodium Aedes aegypti Diseases:  Yellow fever Pathogen: Flavivirus sp.  Dengue fever Pathogen: Flavivirus sp. Culex  Pathogen: West Nile Virus  Disease: West Nile Fever  Reservoir: wild birds elephantiasis Disease caused by these Pathogens:  Wuchereria bancrofti (filarial worm)  Brugia malayi; Brugia timori Lice Insect that have mouth parts for sucking, claws on its legs to cling to hairs; Biological vector epidemic typhus Pathogen: Rickettsia prowazekii  Gram-negative coccobacilli  Obligate intracellular parasite epidemic relapsing fever Pathogen: Borrelia recurrentis  several different species  Is a spirochete Mites small arthropod; smaller that ticks. 6 legs in larval stage 8 legs as an adult scrub typhus Vector: Leptotrombidium (a chigger mite)  Pathogen: Orientia tsutsugamushi  Formerly called Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Lyme disease Vector: Ixodes scapularis (a hard body tick)  Deer tick, blacklegged tick, bear tick Pathogen: Borrelia burgdorferi Rocky Mountain spotted fever Vector: Dermacentor species (a hard-bodied tick)  Dog tick, wood tick Pathogen: Rickettsia rickettsii endemic relapsing fever Vector: Ornithodoros species (a soft-bodied tick)  Pathogen: Borrelia sp. Rabies Vector: Dogs, raccoons: Pathogen: Rhabdovirus Leptospirosis Vector: Dogs, raccoons: Pathogen: Leptospira toxoplasmosis Vector: Cats Pathogen: Toxoplasma -Has the ability to cross the placenta cutaneous anthrax Vector: Cattle Pathogen: Bacillus anthracis SARS Vector: Bats Pathogen: Coronavirus Avian influenza (also called bird flu) Vector: Birds Pathogen: Influenza A (different strains) Psittacosis (Ornithosis) Vector: Birds Pathogen: Chlamydia psittaci