Science-Topic 8: Seeded Plants
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bhrenton Plus on May 3, 2012
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79 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 seeded plant | a plant that produces a fertilized egg (embryo) that is encased within a seed structure. |
| properties of seeded plants | Use vascular tissue to move materials. Reproduce using pollen and seeds. |
| xylem | move water/minerals up. |
| phloem | move food down. |
| pollen | structure that delivers sperm to egg. |
| seed | structure that protects and nourishes fertilized egg. |
| seed coat | protects seed from drying out. |
| endosperm | food supply to nourish new plant. |
| embryo | start of new plant. Contains 3 parts: Cotyledon, hypocotyl, and roots. |
| cotyledon | initial leaf. |
| hypocotyl | initial stem. |
| seed dispersal | plants can't move, and so disperse seeds in many ways, such as wind, water, and animals. |
| germination | the process that starts when seed comes in contact with water. Embryo uses endosperm to grow out of seed. |
| objectives of roots | 1) Anchor plant in the ground. 2) Absorb minerals + water from soil. 3) Food source. |
| taproot | one strong main root with branches. |
| fibrous | similar weak size branches. |
| root hairs | absorb water and nutrients. |
| dividing cells | expand root. |
| root cap | protects dividing cells. |
| objectives of stems | support plant and transport materials. |
| herbaceous | type of soft, fragile stem; dies at end of growing season. |
| woody | type of hard stem, covered with bark, survives beyond growing season. |
| cambium | behind bark, makes new xylem and phloem |
| leaf | the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants. |
| cuticle | waterproof coating that prevents water loss. |
| epidermis | top protective layer of cells. |
| mesophyll | tissue in the middle of the leaf. |
| palisades (upper) layer | thick layer with many chloroplasts for photosynthesis. |
| spongy (bottom) layer | allows for gas exchange. |
| vein | xylem and phloem. |
| stomata | allow gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in and out. |
| transpiration | water loss in plants. |
| prevention of water loss | water loss is prevented by closing down stomata. |
| leaves and photosynthesis | 1) Carbon Dioxide from Stomata. 2) Water from Xylem. 3) Sugar + Oxygen made in Mesophyll. 4) Sugar go to Phloem. 5) Oxygen out of Stomata. |
| gymnosperm | naked seeds protected by plant structure (cones/leaves). |
| cone | the reproductive structure of a gymnosperm which contains a seed. |
| key features of gymnosperms | needle-like leaves and deep roots. |
| cycads | gymnosperm which has palm leaves with cones. |
| conifers | gymnosperm which keeps leaves (needles) all year round. |
| ginkgoes | gymnosperm with fan-shaped leaves. Only one type on earth. |
| gnetophytes | gymnosperm which has veins similar in structure to flowering plants (angiosperms). |
| sporophyte of gymnosperms | spores grow in cones. |
| gametophyte of gymnosperms | grow inside cones. Sperm made in pollen. Egg made in ovule. Wind moves pollen to ovule. Sperm enters ovule-fertilization. Wind disperses seed to new location. |
| angiosperm | flowers produce seeds protected by fruit. |
| fruit | fleshy structures that enclose seeds of plant. |
| monocot | seed has 1 cotyledon (initial leaf). Vascular tissue scattered through in plant. Flower petals in 3s. |
| dicot | seed has 2 cotyledon (initial leaves). Vascular tissue in bundles. Flower petals in 4s or 5s. |
| flower | reproductive organ of angiosperm plants. |
| sepal | protects flower. |
| petal | attracts insects with color and scent. |
| stamen | male reproductive organ. |
| anther | makes pollen. |
| filament | stalk that supports anther. |
| pistil | female reproductive organ. |
| stigma | sticky structure that attaches to pollen. |
| style | attaches stigma to ovary. Sends pollen to fertilize eggs in ovary. |
| ovary | holds eggs in ovules before fertilization. |
| ovule | a structure that contains an egg cell. |
| sporophyte of angiosperms | spores grow in flowers. Male spore-stamen Female spore-pistil. |
| gametophyte of angiosperms | Male spore-Pollen (male) Female spore-ovule(female) haploid. |
| pollination of angiosperms | pollen sticks to stigma and then moves to ovary. |
| fertilization of angiosperms | each ovule is fertilized. Zygotes grow into seeds. |
| fruit growth | ovary walls grow to become fruit surrounding seeds. |
| tropism | a growth response of a plant toward or away from a stimulus. |
| hormone | a chemical that affects how the plant grows and develops. |
| auxin | a plant hormone that speeds up the rate of growth of plant cells. Plant uses _____ to grow towards or away from stimuli. |
| photoperiodism | a seasonal response where plants flower depending on how long the day is. |
| short-day plant | bloom in fall/winter. |
| long-day plant | bloom in spring/summer. |
| critical night length | the number of hours of darkness that determines whether or not a plant will flower. |
| day-neutral plant | a plant whose flowering cycle is not sensitive to periods of light and dark. |
| dormancy | plant stops growth to survive freezing temperatures or lack of water. |
| annual | one year life cycle. |
| biennial | two year life cycle. Year 1: Grows roots and leaves. Year 2: Grows stem and flowers. |
| perennial | more than two year life cycle. |
| thigmotropism | Tropism type 1: Touch. Plant grows around object they touch. |
| phototropism | Tropism type 2: Light. Leaves and stems grow toward light to get energy. |
| gravitropism | Tropism Type 3: Gravity. Roots go down. Stems go up. |
| pollination | the transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants. |
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