Biology 102 - Chapter 53
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 population | a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring |
| density | the number of individuals per unit area or volume |
| dispersion | the pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of a population |
| mark-recapture method | a sampling technique used to estimate the size of animal populations |
| immigration | the influx of new individuals into a population from other areas |
| emigration | the movement of individuals out of a population |
| territoriality | a behavior in which an animal defends a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals, usually of its own species |
| demography | the study of changes over time in the vital statistics of populations, especially birth rates and death rates |
| life table | an age-specific summary of the survival pattern of a population |
| cohort | a group of individuals of the same age in a population |
| survivorship curve | a plot of the number of members of a cohort that are still alive at each age; one way to represent age-specific mortality |
| reproductive table | an age-specific summary of the reproductive rates in a population |
| zero population growth (ZPG) | a period of stability in population size, when additions to the population through births and immigration are balanced by subtractions through deaths and emigration |
| exponential population growth | growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shaped curve when population size is plotted over time |
| carrying capacity | the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as K |
| logistic population growth | population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity |
| life history | the traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival |
| semelparity | reproduction in which an organism produces all of its offspring in a single event; also known as big-bang reproduction |
| iteroparity | reproduction in which adults produce offspring over many years; also known as repeated reproduction |
| K-selection | selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density; also called density-dependent selection |
| r-selection | selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments; also called density-independent selection |
| density independent | referring to any characteristic that is not affected by population density |
| density dependent | referring to any characteristic that varies population density |
| population dynamics | the study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence variations in population size |
| metapopulation | a group of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration |
| demographic transition | in a stable population, a shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates |
| age structure | the relative number of individuals of each age in a population |
| ecological footprint | the aggregate land and water area required by a person, city, or nation to produce all of the resources it consumes and to absorb all of the wastes it generates |
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