Chapter 4 - Life on Earth
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Created by:
bolandc on May 3, 2012
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Description:
Terms from chapter 4
Classes:
7 Coudere Science, 7 Claver Science
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 living | Something that needs nutrition and water, and is able to move by itself, reproduce, grow, respond to stimuli and produce wastes. |
| non-living | Something that has some but not all of the eight characteristics of living things. |
| dead | Something that used to have the eight characteristics of living things but doesn't anymore. |
| classify | To group or organise things. |
| organism | A living thing. |
| multicellular | An organism that has more than one cell. |
| unicellular | An organism that consists of only one cell e.g. bacteria. |
| nucleus | The control centre of the cell. |
| DNA | The chemical that makes up genes (the instructions for all life). |
| mitochondria | The powerhouse of the cell, they convert glucose into energy for the cell to use. |
| cell membrane | The outer layer of the cell that keeps all the parts of the cell together and controls what enters and leaves the cell. |
| cytoplasm | The jelly-like substance that fills the cell. |
| cell wall | Supports and protects plant cells. |
| chloroplasts | The organelle's that use the Sun's energy to make nutrients in plants. |
| vacuole | Storage areas in the cytoplasm that store water and other substances. |
| autotrophs | Organisms that make their own food e.g. plants. |
| heterotrophs | Organisms that rely on other living things for food e.g. animals. |
| Robert Hooke | An English scientist who in 1665 was the first to observe "small chambers" in cork and call them cells. |
| microbiology | The branch of science focused on microscopic organisms and parts of organisms. |
| organelles | The smaller parts found inside a cell, each with a different function. |
| dichotomous key | Diagram used in classification, each arm of the key contains two choices. |
| kingdoms | The highest rank that scientists classify living things into (there are five). |
| animals | Kingdom that contains multicellular organisms that gain energy from other living things e.g. us, wombat, ant. |
| plants | Kingdom that contains multicellular organisms that make their own food e.g. daisy, tree and moss. |
| fungi | Kingdom that contains multicellular organisms that gain energy by feeding on dead organisms e.g. yeast, mould and mushrooms. |
| monera | Kingdom that contains simple, single celled organisms e.g. bacteria. |
| protista | Kingdom that contains organisms that don't fit into any other kingdom e.g. algae, amoeba and kelp. |
| endoskeleton | An internal skeleton. |
| exoskeleton | An external skeleton. |
| vertebrates | Organisms with an endoskeleton. |
| invertebrates | Organisms with an exoskeleton or no skeleton at all. |
| endotherm | An organism that has a constant body temperature. |
| ectotherm | An organism with a body temperature that changes with the environment. |
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