H. Bio Nervous System Quiz
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Endocrine system | system that releases hormones, "assistant" to nervous system |
| Electrical | type of energy that is a part of the nervous system |
| 5 | number of types of nervous systems |
| Nerve net | most simple nervous system, what simple organisms have, no brain, collection of nerves |
| Ganglia | type of nervous system, collection of nerve cells and nerve cords |
| Simple brain + nerve cords | type of nervous system, has a head region where brain is located, nerves and nerve cords |
| Cephalization | main organs located near the head of an animal |
| Brain + nerve cords to sensory structures | type of nervous system, actual brain, nerve cords work with 5 senses |
| Specialized brain + spinal cord | type of nervous system, highly evolved brain, spinal cord that carries information to other places in the body |
| Front lobe | part of the brain, helps with decisions and processing |
| Temporal lobe | part of the brain, hearing |
| Occipital lobe | part of the brain, vision |
| Central Nervous System | division of the nervous system, source of processing and coordination (brain and spinal cord) |
| Peripheral Nervous System | division of the nervous system, source of data gathering |
| Sensory Division | part of PNS, sends messages to the brain, afferent |
| Afferent | going towards the brain |
| Motor Division | part of PNS, response actual reaction |
| Efferent | away from the brain |
| Somatic Nervous System | part of motor division, controls skeletal muscle, voluntary |
| Autonomic Nervous System | part of motor division, control smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, involuntary |
| Speeding | part of autonomic nervous system, anxiety, nervousness |
| Slowing | part of autonomic nervous system, after body is done with anxiety and stress |
| Nerve | collection of neurons |
| Neuron | functional unit of nervous system, star shaped, electrical |
| Dendrites | small vessels that come off the front of neurons, connect to other neuron's axon |
| Cell body | main center of neuron |
| Axon | long stem off the back of neuron where information is sent out |
| Terminal buttons | ends of branches of the axon, where each neuron stops and connects with another |
| Milliseconds | unit of time to measure the speed of an impulse through a neuron |
| Neuroglia | cells near neurons that process ATP and support the neuron |
| Astrocyte | type of neuroglia, attaches to both blood vessel and neuron |
| Myeline sheath | fatty, greasy layers that cover the axon in sections |
| Schwann cells | cells on axon that allow it to produce myeline |
| Nodes of ranvier | spaces in between areas of myeline sheath |
| Motor | type of neuron, efferent, spark skeletal muscle, a part of the motor system |
| Sensory | type of neuron, works with 5 senses, afferent, a part of sensory nerves |
| Interneuron | type of neuron, located on brain and spinal cord, take messages from sensory and motor neurons to take to the brain |
| Reflex arc | impulse that does not need to go to brain, sent to interneurons that decide to just send back its own impulse, no brain involved |
| Action potential | direction of nerve impulse |
| Sodium, Potassium, calcium | necessary chemicals in action potential |
| Polarized | neuron at rest |
| Depolarization | temporary change in charge due to calcium in nerve branches |
| Repolarization | back to charge, after calcium runs through |
| Threshold | minimum amount of energy needed to start depolarization |
| Millivolts | unit of measurement used to measure the charge within a neuron |
| + 40 mV | measurement inside the neuron during depolarization |
| - 70 mV | measurement inside the neuron during repolariization |
| + 25 mV | how much mV it takes to get a neuron to fire |
| Negative | charge inside the neuron when it is not firing |
| Calcium | stimulator for the electrical impulse |
| Positive | charge inside the neuron during depolarization |
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