1.
2 obligate behaviors: bipedal locomotion
nonhoning chewing.
2.
agricultural revolution: 10kya
environmental change
increase human population
population pressure
regional variation
survival and growth
3.
agriculture on biology: evolution continues
diet affects facial and physical appearance, teeth and jaws
4.
Archulean Tools: bi-faces
oldest tools 2.6mya-- flaked rocks (A. Garhi, A. Robustus, Early Homo)
5.
assimilation model: trying to bridge divide between two theories
originated in africa, moved out across world-- expansion and gene flow with neandertal
6.
Early Homo Traits: larger brain size
less PO constriction
small temporal fossas
masticular muscles
more round skull
less prognathism
gracile parabolic mandible
smaller premolars and molars
7.
egastor: Everything below Dmanisi-- erectines
8.
egastor / erectus: Exaggerated asian features
evolutionary forces
mutation and genetic drift
9.
Encephalization Quotient: Brain size(weight)/1.71 (Body size) ^.76
10.
erectus: European and asian-- erectines
11.
Evidence of controlled fire: no evidence of fire creation
baked earth
charred animal bones
12.
Expensive Tissue Hypothesis: brain too much energy, needs to take from somewhere-- takes from intestines
13.
health and agriculture: population crowding and infectious diseases
nutritional consequences-- iron deficiency anemia
14.
Hominids: A group of extinct and living bipedal primates in the family Hominidae. Includes all human-like beings that postdate the split between the evolutionary lineage that led to modern humans (Homo) and living chimpanzees (Pan).
15.
Humans: hominid morphological characteristics of
16.
Humans today: speech
material culture
large brains
17.
modern human culture: blade tools 250kya
burials & grave goods
expressive culture/art
subsistence and social organization
high population density
clothing
18.
Movius Line: theoretical line drawn across northern india first proposed by American archaeologist Hallam L. Movius to demonstrate a technological difference between the early and prehistoric tool technologies of the east and west of the old world
19.
Multiregional Continuity Model (Wolpoff): Archaic pops evolved into modern pops. singly polytypic species, we've been a species for 900ky but geographic differences between populations
20.
Neolithic: late pleisocene/ early holocene culture during which humans domesticated plants and animals
21.
Piltdown fall: A. Smith Woodward, 1912. Human fossil found in N. england. Mandible and skull fossil fit preconceived notion but mandible did not match. Not disproven until the 1950s. Skull: 10000 years old, mandible: modern
22.
Radiator Theory of Cooling: species need a bigger heat (radiator) to cool down their body. Bigger torso, shorter limbs. -Blood drainage--veins
23.
Recent african origin model: early modern people in africa expand, replace premodern populations-- people arose in africa and replaced all premodern populations
24.
Taung Child: R. Dart. 1924. Human ancestors, small brain, bipedal. Placement of foramen magnum follows bipedal first hypothesis. Dart was right-- ancestors brain= 400-500cm
