Classical Conditioning
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Created by:
anne632west on May 4, 2012
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Unconditioned Stimulus (US) | a stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without any prior conditioning (no learning needed for the response to occur) |
| Unconditioned Response (UR) | an unlearned reaction/response to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without prior conditioning. |
| Conditioned Stimulus (CS) | a previously neutral stimulus that has, through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response. |
| Conditioned Response (CR) | a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of prior conditioning |
| Trial | presentation of a stimulus or pair of stimuli. |
| Acquisition | formation of a new CR tendency, when an organism learns something new |
| contiguity | temporal association between two events that occur closely together in time |
| delayed conditioning (forward) | the CS is presented before the US and it (CS) stays on until the US is presented. This is generally the best, especially when the delay is short. example - a bell begins to ring and continues to ring until food is presented |
| trace conditioning | discrete event is presented, then the US occurs. Shorter the interval the better, but as you can tell, this approach is not very effective. example - a bell begins ringing and ends just before the food is presented |
| simultaneous conditioning | CS and US presented together. Not very good. example - the bell begins to ring at the same time the food is presented. Both begin, continue, and end at the same time |
| backward conditioning | US occurs before CS. example - the food is presented, then the bell rings. This is not really effective |
| Extinction | this is a gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of the CR tendency. Extinction occurs from multiple presentations of CS without the US |
| Spontaneous Recovery | sometimes there will be a reappearance of a response that had been extinguished. The recovery can occur after a period of non-exposure to the CS. The response seems to reappear out of nowhere |
| Stimulus Generalization | a response to a specific stimulus becomes associated to other stimuli (similar stimuli) and now occurs to those other similar stimuli. For Example - a child who gets bitten by black lab, later becomes afraid of all dogs. The original fear evoked by the Black Lab has now generalized to ALL dogs |
| Stimulus Discrimination | learning to respond to one stimulus and not another. Thus, an organisms becomes conditioned to respond to a specific stimulus and not to other stimuli. For Example - a puppy may initially respond to lots of different people, but over time it learns to respond to only one or a few people's commands |
| Higher Order Conditioning | a CS can be used to produce a response from another neutral stimulus (can evoke CS). |
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