Adaptive Immunity
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Created by:
averageowl on May 4, 2012
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Define adaptive immunity. | the ability of the body to specifically react to an infection |
| Where are the T lymphocytes specialized? | In the thymus. |
| Where are the B lymphocytes specialized? | In the bone marrow. |
| Define antigen. | any molecule that will produce an immune response. |
| What is the major difference between T and B cells? | T cells take on antigens one on one; B cells make many antibodies and those fight off the antigen. |
| Why is it necessary to have an abundance of T cells but not of B cells? | Because T cells take on antigens one on one to kill them; therefore there should be more of them than B cells which do no fighting of their own but kill antigens indirectly with their antibodies. |
| Why is there no immune response in HIV patients? | because HIV destroys the CDs so that the antibodies cannot bind with the antigen. |
| What are CDs (clusters of differentiation) and on what type of cell are they found? | glycoproteins on the surface of T lymphocytes important for adhesion to receptors |
| What are the most common CDs? | CD4+ and CD8+ |
| Name four types of T lymphocytes. | Helper T cells, Cytotoxic T cells, Memory T cells, and Regulatory T cells |
| What is the function of helper T cells? | to stimulate B cells to create antibodies |
| What is the function of regulatory cells? | to combat autoimmunity by suppressing "non educated" T cells. |
| After recognizing an antigen, B cells must be activated how? | Helper T cells must activate the B cells before they can produce antibodies. |
| What is an MHC? | a major histocompatibility complex lies on the surface of a macrophage and mediates interaction between leukocytes |
| Name the five different types of antibodies made by B cells. | IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE |
| What is the least common type of antibody? | IgE |
| What is the most common type of antibody? | IgG |
| Which antibody is responsible for blood type? | IgM |
| Which antibody is found in saliva, tears, and breast milk? | IgA |
| Which antibody acts as an antigen binding receptor on B cells? | IgD |
| Which antibody is responsible for inflammatory response? | IgE |
| What is the function of an antibody? | antibodies gather antigens by agglutinating so that macrophges can more easily phagocytize them |
| Who is credited with discovering vaccines? | Jenner |
| Name the three things that you are exposed to in vaccines. | weak pathogens, dead pathogens, or toxins from pathogens |
| active immunity | you have been exposed to the pathogen; naturally acquired (naturally being exposed) or artificially acquired (vaccines) |
| passive immunity | you have not been exposed; naturally acquired (ex. from mother through placenta or milk) or artificially acquired (given antibodies such as anti venom) |
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