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Race The division of people based on physical characteristics Ethnicity The classification of people who share a common cultural, linguistic or ancestral heritage Majority group the group that has the largest population and holds a significant amount of power and privilege Minority group a group that has a smaller population and less power than the majority group colonialism A minority group ruling over a majority group is almost always the result of _________. colonialism is the imposition of control over a weak nation by a more powerful country. Dominant group the group that has the greatest power, but not necessarily the greatest numbers Racism discrimination based on a person's race Racism involves a complex combination of privilege, power, and oppression Genocide refers to the attempt to destroy or exterminate a person based on their race or ethnicity Hate groups organizations that promote hostility or violence toward others based on race and other factors Conquest the domination over a group of people by a superior force Annexation the incorporation of one territory into another Voluntary immigration the willing movement of people from one society to another - desire for a better life Involuntary immigration the forced immigration of people from one soceity to another -enslaved Africans to the US Migrant Superordination the conquest of a native population by a more powerful group Indigenous Superordination subordination of an immigrant group to a dominant group Pluralistic Minorities groups that enter into an area voluntarily but seek to maintain their own culture while also integrating into the dominant groups Assimilationist Minorities groups that seek to shed their old ways and integrate themselves into what is considered mainstream society Secessionist Minorities groups that voluntarily separate themselves from the dominant group and view the dominant group with distain, believing that it will corrupt the group's belief system Militant minorities groups that seek to overthrow the existing system because they see it as unjust Ethnic Enclaves neighborhoods where people from similar cultures live together and assert cultural distinction from the dominant group Prejudice refers to negative attitudes about an entire category of people Stereotypes simplified perceptions people have of an entire group that are usually based on false assumptions Discrimination the unfair treatment of people based on prejudice Institutional discrimination maintains the advantage for the dominant group, while providing the appearance of fairness to all Scrapegoat an unfair accusation against a person or group as the cause of a problem Segregation Forced separation because of factors such as race, gender or ethnicity Cycle of poverty a generational barrier that prevents poor people from breaking into middle and upper classes Symbolic interactionist stress the importance of racial language in the creation of society Color-blind racism suggests that we often ignore institutional discrimination that applies to minorities Double consciousness the sense that a person must keep a foot in two worlds, one in the majority group's world, one in the minority group's world Conflict Theorists seeks to explain racial stratification by looking at power relations in the society Functionalist might ask how racism holds the socity together Affirmative Action a social policy designed to help minority groups gain opportunities through employment and education Ethnic cleansing refers to persecution through imprisonment, explusion, or murder of members of an ethnic minority by a majority to achieve ethnic homogeneity in majority-controlled territory