| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Anaerobes means no oxygen. Means cannot survive in the presence of O2 | Obligate Anaerobes |
| Can survive with or without O2 | Facultative Aerobes |
| Require O2 to survive | Obligate Aerobes |
| Photosynthetic (cyanobacteria) | Photoautotrophs |
| Produce own nutrients using inorganic molecules. Ex: Nitrogen-fixing baceria, deep sea thermal vent bacteria. | Chemoautotrophs |
| Consume organic molecules s.a. glucose for energy | Chemoheterotrophs |
| Simpler walls with thick peptidoglycan layer that holds the stain -> Stain violet | Gram-positive bacteria |
| Less peptidogyca and more complex with an outer membrane, lose the violet -> stain red. Usually more resistant to antibiotics because of thick outer membrane. | Gram-negative bacteria |
| inhibit linkage in peptidoglycan. | Antibiotics |
| "true nucleus" Have nucleus and membrane bound organelles. | Eukaryote |
| Membrane bound organelles (the reason Eukaryotes can be larger in size)- more efficient transport of specific metabolic needs. | Comparmentalization |
| DNA is linear, bound to proteins called ______________ | Histones |
| Control center, contains DNA and nucleolus, nuclear envelope has pores so large molecules can leave such as RNA. | Nucleus |
| Located in the nucleus. Responsible for ribosome synthesis | Nucleolus |
| Non membrane bound, consist of 2 subunits, large and small, made of rRna and proteins, involved in protein syntesis. | Ribosomes |
| Produce proteins destined for cytoplasm | Free Ribosomes |
| Embedded on rER. Produce proteins destined for membranes or outside cell. | Bound Ribosomes |
| site of protein production and transport destined for secretion. Wether or not protein is made on free ribosomes or here is determined by a signal sequence of hydrophobc amino acids on the protein. | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER) |
| Involved in lipid syntesis, carbohydrate (glycogen) metabalism and detoxification of drugs and poisons, network of tubes. | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER) |
| Components related through direct contact or through vesicles. Protein made in rER sent to Golgi where modified, packaged, and transported to cell membrane. Or made into lysosome, peroxisome, or vaccuole. | Endomembrane System |
| Stack of flattened sacs involved in protein secretion (release), proteins are modified and packaged as they move from cis to trans. | Golgi Apparatus (Complex) |
| stacks closest to the ER, receiving | Cis Golgi |
| Closer to the plasma membrane. Besicles containing finished protein move to destinations inside/outside cell. | Trans Golgi |
| (animal only) contain hydrolytic enzymes with optimum pH 5 (Cytoplasm pH ~7) provided by *pumping of H+*, separated by membrane. Breaks down proteins, carbs nuc. acids. Degrades bacteria or damaged cells. Provide food for the cell. | Lysosome |
| Contain oxidative enzymes that catalyze reactions in which hydrogen peroxide is produced and destructed by catalase. Compartmentalization is very important because we don't want hydrogen peroxide to leak out. Break down fats into small molecules for fuel. Detoxify compounds like alcohol. | Peroxisome |
| ATP (main energy carrier) production, contains outer and inner membrane, own DNA and ribosomes, self replicate. | Mitochondrion |
| Mitochondria believed to have developed from early prokaryotes- young cell gives energy to the older cell and the older cell give food to the younger cell (symbiotic relationship) | Endosymbiotic Hypothesis |
| Intricate, maze-like fibrous network, provides support, shape, motility for cell. Made of microtubles, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. | Cytoskeleton |
| Microtubles, intermediate filaments, microfilaments. | List microtubles, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments in order largest to smallest in relative sizes. |
| 2 cylinder at right angles, organize spindle fibers during cell division. | Centrioles |
| Membrane enclosed sacs, very large in plants (Central vacuole) for water, waste storage, maintains stiffness and structure. | Vacuoles |
| Site of photosynthesis. Thlakoid membrane form stacks called grana- contain chlorophyll. | Chloroplasts |
| made of cellulose, provides structure and strength. | Cell wall |
| Chloroplasts and cell wall | Only in plant cells |
| Lysosomes | Only in animal cells |
Combine with other sets
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