social psych Chapter 13 prejudice
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Prejudice | A negative feeling toward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group |
| Racism | Prejudiced attitudes toward a particular race |
| Aversive Racism | Simultaneously holding egalitarian values and negative feelings toward minorities |
| Discrimination | Unequal treatment of different people based on the groups or categories to with they belong |
| Stereotypes | Beliefs that associate groups of people with certain traits |
| Subtypes | Categories that people use for individuals who do not fit a general stereotype |
| Categorization | The natural tendency of humans to sort objects into groups |
| Social Categorization | The process of sorting people into groups on the basis of characteristics they have in common |
| Outgroup Members | People who belong to a different group or category than we do. we assume that these members are more similar than ingroup members are to each other. |
| Ingroup Members | People who belong to the same group or category as we do |
| Outgroup Homogeneity Bias | The assumption that outgroup members are more similar to one another than ingroup members are to one another. we do not have as much exposure to outgroup members as we do to ingroup |
| Stigma by Association | Rejection of those who associate with stigmatized others |
| Homophobia | Excessive fear of homosexuals or homosexual behavior |
| Stigmas | Characteristics of individuals that are considered socially unacceptable (overweight) |
| Ingroup Favoritism | Preferential treatment of or more favorable attitudes toward people in ones own group |
| Minimal Group Effect | The finding that people show favoritism toward in-group members even when group membership is randomly determined |
| Superordinate Goals | Goals that can be achieved only by cooperating and working with others |
| Realistic Conflict Theory | The idea that competition over scarce resources leads to intergroup hostility and conflict |
| Competition | Situation in which people can attain their goals only if others do not |
| Cooperation | Situation in which people must wok together with others to help achieve their goals |
| Discontinuity Effect | The finding that groups are more extreme and often more hostile than individuals |
| Contact Hypothesis | The idea that regular interaction between members of different groups reduces prejudices providing that it occurs under favorable conditions |
| Salience | Being obvious or not standing out |
| Scapegoat Theory | The idea that blaming problems and misfortunes on outgroups contributes to negative attitudes toward these outgroups |
| Self-Serving Bias | The tendency for people to take credit for success but refuse blame for problems and failures |
| Lexical Decision Task | Deciding as quickly as possible whether a string of letters is a real word or not |
| Confirmation bias | The tendency to focus more on evidence that supports ones expectations than on evidence that contradicts them |
| Jigsaw Classroom | A cooperative learning technique for reducing feelings of prejudice |
| Self-Fulfilling Prophecy | A prediction that ensures the behavior it generates will come true. people would come to act like the stereotypes of other hold of them. have a baby face act innocent |
| Self-Defeating Prophecy | A prediction that ensures by the behavior it generates that it will not come true. have a baby face act aggressive more likely to steal. |
| Stereotype Threat | The fear that one might confirm the stereotypes that others hold |
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