REA Chapter Eight
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Basic Employment Sector | Group of economic functions that bring money into an urban place and represent the city's primary functions. |
| Bid-rent Curve | Graph showing the predicted decline in cost of land and population density as you move away from the central business district in the concentric zone model. |
| Blockbusting | Tactic that is used by real estate agents to get people to move out of their homes because of fear of racial integration. |
| Central Business District (CBD) | Original core of a city's economy. |
| Central Place | Urban center that provides services to people living in the surrounding rural areas. |
| Colonial City | City whose primary identity is as a colony of an invading or conquering imperial power. |
| Counterurbanization | Increase in rural populations resulting from the out-migration of city residents from their city and suburban homes in search of the peace and tranquility of nonurban lifestyles. |
| Cumulative Causation | Contributing factor to uneven development; occurs when money flows to areas of greatest profit, places where development has already been focused, rather than to places of greatest need. |
| Deindustrialized | Refers to an industrial city whose factory-based economy has transitioned to an economy dominated by the service sector. |
| Edge City | Self-sufficient urban area within a greater metropolitan complex. |
| Exurb | Area of growth outside the central city and surrounding suburbs; its growth is fueled by people exiting the city and suburbs in search of the peace and tranquility of more-rural lifestyles. |
| Festival Setting | Area within an urban place built for community gatherings. |
| Gentrification | Process in which older urban zones are rediscovered and renovated by people who move back into the inner city from their suburban fringes. |
| Ghettoization | Growth of area of concentrated poverty in urban places. |
| Green Belt | Boundary encircling an urban place and limiting the sprawl of the city. |
| Hinterland | Area serviced by a central place. |
| Industrial City | City that grew during the Industrial Revolution. |
| Invasion and Succession (or succession immigration) | Pattern of inflow of new migrants to the central business district in the concentric zone model and then the related pushing of existing inhabitants outward to rings outside the center. |
| Level of Urbanization | Percentage of people considered urban. |
| Megacity | City that has a high degree of centrality and primacy. |
| Megalopolis | Massive, urban "blob" of overlapping, integrating metropolitan areas whose distinctive boundaries are increasingly becoming difficult to find. |
| Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) | US Census Bureau geographic unit of area including a central city and all its immediately interacting counties populated by commuters and people directly connected to the central city. An MSA is an urbanized region with a minimum of 50,000 residents. |
| Micropolitan Statistical Area | US Census Bureau geographic unit comprising a central city and the surrounding counties integrated into it, and having a population of 10,000 to 50,000. |
| Multiplier Effect | Increased economic success and energy created by the addition of new basic-sector jobs. |
| Nonbasic Employment Sector | Group of economic functions in a city that shift money within the city. |
| Office Park | Zone of urban land exclusively set aside for corporate offices. |
| Panregional Influence | Influence that extends beyond the city's own region into the other centers of economic control. |
| Peak Land Value Intersection | Point of land with maximum accessibility and visibility in the city. |
| Periferico | Most peripheral zone of a Latin American city marked by squatter settlements and abject poverty. |
| Planned Community | Master-planned neighborhood with preformulated architectural designs, built-in community gathering spots, and restrictive covenants. |
| Postindustrial City | City whose economy and urban organization are conforming to the dominance of service-sector, nonindustrial economic functions. |
| Postmodernism | Postindustrial school of architecture and urban design that frowns on symmetry and balance and looks more toward diversity and individuality expression. |
| Preindustrial City | City existing before the Industrial Revolution that served as a trade center and gateway to foreign lands and markets. |
| Primacy | Degree to which a primate city dominates economic, political, and cultural functions in a country. |
| Racial Steering | Tactic contributing to ghettoization; real estate agents would show people neighborhoods and houses according to their race. |
| Range | Maximum distance a person is willing to travel to obtain a good or service. |
| Rank-size Rule | In a region, the nth-largest city's population is 1/n the population of the region's largest city. |
| Rate of Urbanization | Speed that the population is becoming urban. |
| Redlining | Practice of banks and lending agencies refusing to give loans to people moving to minority-dominated districts because the banks/agencies feared the loans would not be repaid based on the statistical improbability of successful development in the districts. |
| Restrictive Covenants | Special laws passed by communities usually to exert control over the way their neighborhood will look and grow. |
| Shock City | Urban place experiencing infrastructural challenges related to massive and rapid urbanization. |
| Spatial Competition | Assumption in the central place theory that implies that central places compete with each other for customers. |
| Squatter Settlement (or barriada) | Makeshift, unsafe housing constructed from any scraps people can find on land they neither rent nor own. |
| Star-shaped City Pattern | Early shape of city growth before automobile dominance in which lines of public transportation radiated from the central business district (or downtown) in a star pattern. |
| Street Morphology | Layout or pattern of streets. |
| Suburbanization | Growth of lower-density housing, industry, and commercial zones outside the central business district. |
| Telecommuting | Modern form of commuting that involves only the commuting of information through use of the telephone and Internet technology, allowing people to send information and communication over long distances. |
| Threshold | Minimum number of people needed to fuel a particular function's existence in a central place. |
| Uneven Development | Urban development that is not spread equally among a city's areas. |
| Urban Banana | Arch of the dominant overland, trade-based cities stretching from London to Tokyo in the 1500s before the rise of sea-based trade and exploration. |
| Urban Hearth Area | Area where an urban lifestyle and civilization started and from which they diffused. |
| Urban Hierarchy | System of cities consisting of various levels, with few cities at the top level and increasingly more settlements on each lower level. |
| Urbanization | Growth and diffusion of city landspaces and urban lifestyle. |
| Urban Sprawl | Diffusion of urban land use and lifestyle into formerly nonurban, often agricultural lands. |
| Urban System | Network of urban places; part of an interlocking web of interacting cities. |
| World City | Powerful city that controls a disproportionately high level of the world's economic, political, and cultural activities. |
| Zone in Transition | Ring of land usually just around the central business district that is constantly in flux and run down because of successive waves of immigration that never allow it to develop a permanent population base and attract development. |
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