| Term | Definition |
| strategy | A long-range plan made to reach a goal. |
| immigrant | A person who comes into a country to make a new life. |
| blockade | To use ships to isolate a port or an island. |
| retreat | to fall back |
| casualty | A person who has been killed or wounded in a war. |
| emancipate | to set free. |
| prejudice | An unfair feeling of dislike for members of a certain group because of their backgrounds. |
| address | a short speech |
| assassinate | to murder in a sudden and secret attack |
| Reconstruction | A period of rebuilding the nation after the United States Civil War |
| black codes | laws to limit the rights of formerly enslaved people |
| impeach | to accuse a government official of a crime |
| freedmen | men, women, and children who had been enslaved |
| sharecropping | A system of working the land in which the worker was paid with a share of the crops. |
| secret ballot | A voting method in which no one knows how anyone else had voted. |
| segregation | The practice of keeping people in sperate groups based on their race or culture. |
| acquit | To find not guilty |