AP US History: Great Depression and the New Deal
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Created by:
distancerunner on May 6, 2012
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 1929 Stock Market Crash | Caused by a loss of confidence in the stock market; a reduction in the output of manufactured goods; and a decline in investment in capital goods |
| Overproduction | Companies overproduced consumer goods and consumers did not have enough money or credit to purchase them |
| Decline in Farm Prosperity | Important factor contributing to the Great Depression; depression of the prices of agricultural products showed economic weakness |
| Hawley-Smoot Tariff | Raised tariffs, triggering a decline in trade |
| Bonus Expeditionary Force | "Army" of World War I veterans that marched on Washington DC in order to demand that congress pay them a bonus; President Hoover used force to disband it |
| Hoover's Economic Policies | Economic recovery of the US depended primarily on the business community; private charities important; supported federal loans to private businesses and to state and local governments |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation | Established by President Hoover to fight the Great Depression |
| New Deal | Focused on relief, recovery, and reform; provided direct federal relief to individuals; sought to restructure American capitalism rather than replace it with a socialist system; used deficit spending on public works programs to revive economy |
| First Hundred Days | Addressed restoring public confidence in the banking system; creating new jobs in the public sector to reduce unemployment; raising farm prices by restricting agricultural production; providing mortgage support for homeowners; creating the Tennessee Valley Authority as a model project |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act | Purpose was to raise farm prices by limiting agricultural production; established a national system of crop controls and gave subsidies to farmers who agreed to limit the production of specific crops; defied common sense |
| National Industrial Recovery Act | Sought to combat the Great Depression by fostering government-business cooperation; allowed businesses to regulate themselves through fair competition; did not succeed |
| Civilian Conservation Corps | Established a jobs program for unemployed youth |
| Social Security Act | Federal pension system funded by taxes on workers' wages and by an equivalent contribution by employers; aging of US population is seen as a threat |
| Wagner Act | Ensured workers' right to organize and bargain collectively; led to a dramatic increase in labor union membership |
| New Deal: Black Americans | New Deal helped Black Americans, but didn't confront racial segregation and injustice |
| Court-Packing Scheme | SCOTUS declared key parts of the New Deal unconstitutional; Roosevelt tried to add more justices to SCOTUS to make sure New Deal laws were constitutional |
| Pg. 105 | Study the New Deal |
| Congress of Industrial Organizations | Organized unskilled and semiskilled factory workers in manufacturing industries; led by John L. Lewis; favored the organization of all workers in a particular industry |
| American Federation of Labor | Favored the organization of workers according to their skills and trades |
| Democratic Coalition | Helped to elect Roosevelt in 1936; made up of White Southerners, African Americans, Ethnic minorities, and union members |
| Critics of the New Deal | Dr. Francis E. Townsend, Gerald Smith, Huey Long, and Father Charles Coughlin |
| Hoovervilles | Shantytowns of unemployed and homeless people found in cities |
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