MSJC A&P- Chapter 26 Study Guide
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Created by:
jesslurene on May 6, 2012
Subjects:
anatomy and physiology, nutrition
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47 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells is____________. | glucose |
| ____________ _______________must meet all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth. | complete protein |
| Most_____________are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients. | vitamins |
| ________________is a stabilizing component of plasma membranes and is the parent molecule of steroid hormones. | cholesterol |
| Biochemical reactions involved in building cell molecules or breaking down molecules for energy. | metabolism |
| The primary function of___________ ___________is to break down food molecules and generate ATP. | cellular respiration |
| A catabolic reaction based upon the conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. | glycolysis |
| In the case of a person who consumes a normal, balanced diet, proteins are essential to the body for all but the production of_________. | energy |
| Eggs, milk, yogurt, meat, and fish are all considered good sources of__________ ____________. | complete proteins |
| Negative nitrogen balance is when protein breakdown exceeds protein__________. | synthesis |
| The lipoproteins that remove cholesterol from the tissues are________. | HDL's |
| Dietary fats are important because they help the body absorb ___________vitamins. | fat-soluble |
| The term _________ _________reflects the energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities. | metabolic rate |
| When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in urine is__________. | urea |
| Oxidation-reduction reactions are catalyzed by the enzymes ________________and______________. | dehydrogenase, oxidase |
| Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, and oxidative phosphorylation describes the pathway of __________ ____________. | cellular respiration |
| _____________includes the reactions in which larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones. | anabolism |
| ______________is the process that breaks down complex structures into simpler ones. | catabolism |
| The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as_____________. | lipolysis |
| ________________occurs when cellular ATP and glucose levels are high. | lipogenesis |
| Oxidative deamination takes place in the ___________. | liver |
| Glycogen is formed in the liver during the ___________state. | absorptive |
| The Krebs cycle takes place in the ____________ __________. | mitochondrial matrix |
| _________________is the process in which glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors such as glycerol and amino acids. | gluconeogenesis |
| The most abundant dietary lipids are______________. | triglycerides |
| The organ that synthesizes urea. | liver |
| __________metabolism is the most important function of the liver. | protein |
| In gluconeogenesis, during the postabsorptive state, amino acids and__________are converted to glucose. | glycerol |
| __________ are nutrients that yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized. | fats |
| Conditions that promote the oxidative deamination and energy use of amino acids include excessive amounts of_________in the diet. | protein |
| The hydrolysis of glycogen to release free glucose or glucose 1-phosphate. (catabolic) | glycogenolysis |
| Maintenance of a constant internal body temperature independent of the environmental temperature. | thermoregulation |
| G6P, PGAL,Pyruvic Acid, Acetyl CoA, Citric Acid is the metabolic order of intermediates in__________ and aerobic respiration. | glycolysis |
| The highest percentage of cholesterol is found in________. | LDL's |
| Of all the NADH contributing energy to ATP synthesis, most is produced by the_________ __________. | krebs cycle |
| Norepinephrine stimulates hunger for_____________. | carbohydrates |
| What fat soluble vitamin is not stored in the body? | K |
| The recommended daily allowance of protein is____g/kg of body weight per day. | 0.8 |
| Carbohydrates are found in blood glucose, liver glycogen, muscle glycogen, and in the oligosaccharides in the glycocalyx, but not in the _____________in the cell walls. | cellulose |
| Nitrogen balance is when nitrogen intake and output are___________. | equal |
| The ____vitamins are coenzymes that assist enzymes by transferring electrons from one metabolic reaction to another. | B |
| The synthesis of glycogen by polymerizing glucose. (anabolic) | glycogenesis |
| Many_________ _________function as electrolytes and govern the function of nerve and muscle cells, osmotically regulate the content and distribution of water in the body, and maintain blood volume. | mineral salts |
| Synthesizing fats from other types of molecules. | lipogenesis |
| _________one of the intermediates of glucose oxidation, can be converted to glycerol by lipogenesis. | PGAL |
| As glucose and amino acids enter the citric acid cycle by way of acetyl-CoA, the acetyl-CoA can also be diverted to make_________ _________. | fatty acids |
| _________ ________ are painful muscle spasms that result from excessive electrolyte loss in sweat. | heat cramps |
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