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Buccal structures closest to the inner cheek facial structures closest to the facial surface golden guidelines used to consider the facial view of the anterior teeth or the vertical dimensions of the face to create a pleasing proportion labial structures closest to the lips lingual structures closest to the tongue palatal structures closest to the palate vertical dimension of the face the face divided into thirds regions of the head frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, orbital, nasal, infraorbital, zygomatic, buccal, oral, and mental regions frontal region the forehead and the area superior to the eyes supraorbital ridge (superciliary ridge) just inferior to the eyebrow glabella smooth elevated area between the eyebrows, flat in children and females, rounded in men frontal eminence prominence of the foreheads parietal region and occipital region covered by the scalp scalp layers of soft tissue overlying the bones of the braincase temporal region the external ear is the prominent feature auricle oval flap of the ear and collects sound waves external acoustic meatus a tube through which sound waves are transmitted to the middle ear within the skull helix the superior and posterior free margin of the auricle lobule the fleshy protuberance of the earlobe tragus flexible smaller flap of tissue anterior to the eternal acoustic meatus sntitragus flap of tissue opposite the tragus intertragic notch deep notch between the tragus and antitragus orbit the eyeball and all its supporting structures sclera white area of the eyeball iris central area of coloration of the eye pupil the opening in the center of the iris that is black and changes size eyelids upper and lower, cover and protect each eyeball lacrimal gland behind the upper eyelid and produces lacrimal fluid or tears conjunctiva delicate thin membrane lining inside of the eyelids and the front of the eyeball lateral canthus outer corner where the upper and lower eyelids meet medial canthus inner angle of the eye canthi plural for canthus root of the nose located between the eyes nasion inferior to the glabella is a midpoint landmark of the nasal region that corresponds with the junction between the underlying bones bridge of the nose inferior to the nasion , bony structure apex of the nose flexible when palpated, tip of the nose naris inferior to the apex on each side of the nose or nostril nasal septum midline between the nares ala winglike cartilaginous structures of the nose infraorbital region inferior to the orbital region and lateral to the nasal region zygomatic region overlies the cheekbone zygomatic arch extends from just inferior to the lateral margin of the eye toward the upper portion of the ear temporomandibular joint inferior to the zygomatic arch and just anterior to the ear where the upper skull forms a joint with the lower jaw buccal region composed of the soft tissues of the cheek cheek forms the side of the face and is a broad area of the face among the nose, mouth and ear masseter muscle muscle felt when a patient clenches the teeth together angle of the mandible the sharp angle of the lower jaw inferior to the ear's lobule vertical dimension of the face perspective of the face when it is divided into thirds golden proportions set of guidelines for functional and aesthetic purposes oral region contains lips, oral cavity, palate, tongue, floor of the mouth and portions of the throat vermillion zone darker area on the lips, between the wet line and the vermillion border vermillion border outline of the lips from the surrounding skin philtrum vertical groove extending downward from the midline of the upper lip tubercle of the upper lip where the philtrum terminates, thicker portion of the upper lip labial commissure where upper and lower lips meet at the the corner of the mouth nasolabial sulcus the groove running upward between the labial commissure and the ala of the nose labiomental groove separates the lower lip from the chin in the mental region oral cavity inside the mouth maxilla underlying the upper lip, aka - upper jaw mandible bone underlying the lower lip, aka - lower jaw mucosa what the oral cavity is lined with labial mucosa the inner portions of the lips, pink and thick buccal mucosa pink, thick and lines the inner cheek buccal fat pad the buccal mucosa that covers a dense pad of inner tissue parotid papilla elevated tissue opposite the maxillary second molar on the inner portion of the buccal mucosa maxillary tuberosity elevation on the posterior aspects of the maxilla vestibules the upper and lower spaces between the cheeks, lips and gums alveolar mucosa redder and thinner mucosa that meets with the labial and buccal mucosa mucobuccal fold where the alveolar mucosa and the labial and buccal mucosa meet maxillar teeth the teeth of the maxilla mandibular teeth the teeth of the mandible incisors front teeth of the maxilla and mandible, designed to cut canines next to the incisors, long and usually pointy, designed to grasp premolars between the canines or cuspids and the molars molars most posterior of the teeth, largest of teeth gingiva surrounds the maxillary and mandibular teeth attached gingiva gingiva that tightly adheres to the bone around the roots of the teeth mucogingival junction line of demarcation between the firmer and pinker attached gingiva and movable and redder alveolar mucosa marginal gingiva non-attached gingiva sulcus space next to the inner surface of the marginal gingiva interdental gingiva gingiva between the teeth that is an extension of attached gingiva palate root of the mouth and has two portions hard palate firmer, whiter, anterior portion of the palate median palatine raphe midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate incisive papilla small bulge of tissue at the most anterior portion of the hard palate, lingual to the anterior teety palatine rugae directly posterior to the incisive papilla and are firm, irregular ridges soft palate yellower and looser posterior portion of the palate uvula of the palate midline muscular structure that hangs from the posterior margin of the soft palate pterygomandibular fold a fold of tissue that extends from the junction of hard and soft palates down to the mandible, just behind the most distal mandibular tooth and stretches when the patient opens the mouth wider retromolar pad dense pad of tissue just distal to the last tooth of the mandible tongue prominent feature of the oral region base of the tongue posterior third of the tongue body of the tongue anterior two thirds of the tongue apex of the tongue the tip of the tongue lingual papillae small elevated structures of specialized mucosa on the tongue lateral surface of the tongue noted for its vertical ridges of lingual papillae foliate lingual papillae vertical ridges of lingual papillae, contain tastebuds dorsal surface of the tongue top surface of the tongue median lingual sulcus midline depression of the tongue filiform lingual papillae slender, threadlike lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue, do not contain tastebuds fungiform lingual papillae red, mushroom-shaped dots on the tongue, more numerous near the apex of the tongue, contain tastebuds sulcus terminalis V-shaped groove posterior on the dorsal of the tongue foramen cecum small pitlike depression where the sulcus terminalis points backward toward the throat circumvallate lingual papillae 10 to 14 in number, lined up along the anterior side of the sulcus terminalis on the the body of the tongue lingual tonsil irregular mass of tonsillar tissue posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue lingual veins large blood vessels on the underside of the tongue plica fimbriata fold with fringelike projections that are lateral to each deep lingual vien regions of the neck cervical triangles on the basis of the large bones and muscles in the neck sternocleidomastoid muscle large strap muscle that divides each side of the neck diagonally thyroid cartilage prominence of the larynx at the anterior midline hyoid bone superior to the thyroid cartilage and located in the anterior midline submandibular triangle superior portion of each anterior cervical triangle, demarcated by portions of the digastric muscle and the mandible carotid triangle the inferior portion of each anterior cervical triangle subdivided by the omohyoid muscle crown covered in enamel root covered in cementum cementoenamel junction where the crown and root are joined CEJ cementoenamel junction cervical line line that demarcates the CEJ anatomical crown the whole crown of the tooth that is covered in enamel clinical crown only the part of the tooth that can be seen above the gingiva clinical root unerupted part of the tooth eruption moving of the tooth through its surrounding tissues single root only having one root multiple root having two to three roots bifurcation two roots trifurcation three roots apex terminal end alveolar process portion of the jaw that supports the teeth alveolus bony socket in which the tooth fits enamel covers the crown of the tooth, hardest surface, thickest over the tip cementum covers the root of the tooth, hard tissues of the tooth enamel, dentin, and cementum soft tissues of the tooth pulp dentin forms the main portion or body of the tooth dentinocemental junction the union of cementum and dentin cellular cementum confined to the apical third of the root and can reproduce itself acellular cementum covers the entire anatomic root cementoblasts cells that produce cementum odontoblasts special dentin forming cells pulp chamber housed within the coronal portion of the tooth pulp canals located within the roots of the tooth lingual surface surface of the tooth facing the tongue facial surface facing the cheek or lips labial surface facing the lips buccal surface facing the cheeks proximal surface surface of a tooth that faces the neighboring tooth's surface in the same arch mesial proximal surface surface closest to the midline of the face distal proximal surface surface that faces away from the midline occlusal surface the biting surface of the tooth incisal ridge incisal surface line angle separates two surfaces of a tooth lobes four or more growth centers that crowns are formed from developmental grooves shallow grooves or lines that separate primary parts of the crown or root tubercle small elevation of enamel on some portion of the crown of the tooth fossa depression or concavity on a tooth pit pinpoint hole within the fossa or on the tooth ridge elevated portion of a tooth that runs in a line concavity carved-out section or area convexity a bulging out lingual groove developmental line that separates the lingual lobe from the other three lobes triangular ridges main ridges on each cusp that run from the tip of the cusp to the central part of the occlusal surface transverse ridge union of two triangular ridges, a buccal and a lingual, that cross the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth dentition general arrangement of teeth primary dentition refers to the 20 deciduous teeth, baby teeth secondary dentition refers to the 32 permanent teeth maxillary arch teeth anchored within the upper jaw mandibular arch teeth anchored within the lower jaw midsagittal plane, midline, median line dividing the body into left and right sides succedaneous permanent teeth that replace or succeed the deciduous teeth nonsuccedaneous teeth premolars mixed dentition one that comprises some permanent teeth and some deciduous teeth universal system uses 1 to 32 for permanent teeth and A to T for deciduous teeth palmer notation system uses four quadrants and a prefix symbol bracket, uses numbers for permanent and letters for deciduous FDI uses four quadrants and each tooth is given a two digit number to identify the tooth and the quadrant, permanent or deciduous anterior oral cavity boundaries lips and cheeks posterior oral cavity boundaries tonsilar pillars oral cavity proper inside the teeth lateral boundary of the vestibule cheek or bucca anterior boundary of the vestibule lips or labia superior boundary of the vestibule mucal buccal labial fold medial boundary of the vestibule alveol ridges or teeth alveolus the socket that the tooth is in frenum superior labial or inferior labial, superior buccal or inferior buccal, band of tissue that connects the cheek to the gingiva wet line where the lips meet stenson's papilla paratid glands empty into the mouth through it gingival sulcus gingival crevice interdental papilla pointy section of gingiva in between each tooth waldeyers ring ring of the three tonsillar sets (lingual tonsils, palatine tonsils and adenoids) tonsillar fossa space between the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars sublingual caruncles bumps on either side of the lingual frenum vibrating line line between the hard and soft palate paratid, submandibular, sublingual the three sets of salivary glands ankyloglassia tongue tied exostoses extra bone torus singular, extra bone in the palate or under the tongue (tori plural) buccal exostoses extra bone that looks like tori but is on the buccal side single rooted teeth anterior teeth, lower premolars, upper 2nd premolars multiple rooted teeth maxillary 1st premolars and all molars tooth functions protecting the oral cavity, acquiring and chewing food, aiding in digestion, appearance, and defense apecal foramen hole at the end of the apex alveolus socket alveolar bone bone from the apex to the crown periodontal space space between the tooth and the alveolar bone human dental formula 2 1 2 3 coronal direction going toward the crown apecal direction going toward the root anterior teeth incisors and canines posterior teeth premolars and molars