Ch. 15 Genetic Engineering
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 biotechnology | the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes |
| clone | a group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single cell or individual by some kind of asexual reproduction |
| DNA fingerprinting | tool used by biologists that analyzes an individual's unique collection of DNA restriction fragments; used to determine whether two samples of genetic material are from the same person |
| forensics | The application of science to questions that are of interest to the legal profession |
| gel electrophoresis | The separation of nucleic acids or proteins, on the basis of their size and electrical charge, by measuring their rate of movement through an electrical field in a gel. |
| gene therapy | a technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary disease or to improve the genome |
| genome | the complete genetic material contained in an individual |
| genetically modified organisms | An organism that has acquired one or more genes by artificial means; also known as a transgenic organism |
| hybridization | crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms |
| inbreeding | continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the desired characteristics of a line of organisms |
| plasmid | a circular DNA molecule that is usually found in bacteria and that can replicate independent of the main chromosome |
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | A technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by incubating it with specific primers, a heat-resistant DNA polymerase, and nucleotides. |
| recombinant DNA | DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources |
| restriction enzymes | enzymes that cut dna at a specific sequence of nucleotides |
| selective breeding | method of breeding that allows only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation |
| transgenic | organism whose genome has been altered to contain one or more genes from another organism or species |
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