Math 103 Final
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68 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 problem | situation that needs resolution, no known process or beginning |
| exercise | situation that needs resolution, known process, practice |
| quantity | anything that can be measured or counted accurately by estimation or inference, what is being measured |
| value | measure given to the quantity |
| number | symbol, represents a measure |
| unit | basic amount of a quantity, called one |
| reasoning | ability to draw conclusions from assumptions (agreed upon from beginning), premises, algorithms (accepted methods), or known facts |
| addition and subtraction | the operations of our number system |
| closed | staying in the field |
| binary | 2 numbers, 1 output |
| addend | one of the numbers being added |
| sum | answer to addition problem |
| subtrahend | number being subtracted |
| minuend | number being made smaller |
| difference | answer to subtraction problem |
| factor | turn into multiplication problem, one of the numbers being multiplied |
| product | answer to multiplication problem |
| multiplier | number of groups (coefficient) |
| multiplicand | number in each group |
| dividend | number being split |
| divisor | number of pieces split into |
| remainder | what doesn't fit into a full group |
| quotient | answer to division problem |
| means | second and third written in a proportion, denominator of first, numerator of second |
| extremes | first and last written, numerator of first, denominator of second |
| signed number | any number other than 0 that has a place on the number line |
| absolute value | distance traveled between 2 points, no direction |
| additive inverse | a + -a= 0 |
| additive identity | a + 0= a |
| algebra | the toolbox for higher mathematics, deals with problem solving |
| algebra arithmetic | arithmetic that uses variables for numbers in the arithmetic toolkit |
| variable | symbol that represents a value that varies |
| expression | way of expressing numbers using variables, exponents, operations, parenthesis, and symbols |
| polynomial | expression containing constants, variables, exponents; grouping symbols written in terms separated by + or - |
| equation | 2 equal expressions, mathematical sentence |
| distributive (additive) | a(b+c)= ab+ac |
| distributive (multiplicative) | a(b+c)=ab+ac |
| commutative (additive) | a+b=b+a |
| commutative (multiplicative) | a(b)=b(a) |
| associative (additive) | a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c |
| associative (multiplicative) | a(bc)=(ab)c |
| identity (additive) | a+0=a |
| identity (multiplicative) | a(1)=a |
| inverse (additive) | a+-a=0 |
| inverse (multiplicative) | a(1/a)=1 |
| transitive | if a=b and b=c then a=c |
| legend | definition of the variables |
| reflection | flip, mirror image, isometric transformation; mirror is perpendicular bisector of all segments joining corresponding points |
| rotation | spin, move in degrees, isometric transformation |
| which shapes tessellate? | REGULAR POLYGONS square, right or regular triangle, regular hexagon |
| transformation | a rigid movement of a shape in a plane, shape does not change |
| isometric | a transformation that preserves size |
| translation | isometric transformation that slides a shape, uses a vector, directed distance |
| positive | counter clockwise |
| is orientation changed by rotation? | no |
| game of chance | unknown outcome, depends on probability, equally likely to win |
| probability | ratio to the whole, success (stated event)/ possible event total |
| event | stated outcome |
| empirical | experiment |
| theoretical | do the math |
| odds | not to the whole, 30 to 1- run 31 times, win once |
| expected value | repeated trials take place in a situation, number of trials expected before success |
| random sample | items chosen are done so without prejudice |
| sample space without replacement | once an element is chosen, it is removed from sample space |
| multiplication principle of probability | if 2 events are independent of each other then the probability of both happening is the product of the probability |
| is "and" or "or" more likely? | or |
| permutation | group of data points where order is important, more permutations than combinations |
| combination | order is not important |
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